释放 Python 的潜力：深入探讨导入钩子系统

            import sys
import importlib.abc
import importlib.util
import urllib.request

class UrlFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
    def __init__(self, base_urls):
        self.base_urls = base_urls

    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
        # Construct potential module paths
        for url in self.base_urls:
            module_url = f"{url}/{fullname.replace('.', '/')}.py"
            try:
                # Attempt to open the URL to see if the file exists
                with urllib.request.urlopen(module_url, timeout=1) as response:
                    if response.getcode() == 200:
                        # If found, create a ModuleSpec
                        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader(
                            fullname,
                            RemoteFileLoader(fullname, module_url)
                        )
                        return spec
            except urllib.error.URLError:
                # Ignore errors, try next URL or move on
                pass
        return None # Module not found by this finder

class RemoteFileLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
    def __init__(self, fullname, url):
        self.fullname = fullname
        self.url = url

    def get_filename(self, fullname):
        # This might not be strictly necessary but good practice
        return self.url

    def get_data(self, filename):
        # Fetch the source code from the URL
        try:
            with urllib.request.urlopen(self.url, timeout=5) as response:
                return response.read()
        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
            raise ImportError(f"Failed to fetch {self.url}: {e}") from e

    def create_module(self, spec):
        # For Python 3.5+, we can create the module object directly
        return None # Returning None tells importlib to create it using the spec

    def exec_module(self, module):
        # Load and execute the module code
        source = self.get_data(self.url).decode('utf-8')
        exec(source, module.__dict__)

# --- Usage --- 

# Define the base URLs where modules might be found
remote_urls = ["http://my-python-modules.com/v1", "http://backup.modules.net/v1"]

# Create an instance of our custom finder
url_finder = UrlFinder(remote_urls)

# Insert our finder at the beginning of sys.meta_path
sys.meta_path.insert(0, url_finder)

# Now, if 'my_remote_module' exists at one of the URLs, it will be loaded
# import my_remote_module 
# print(my_remote_module.hello())

# To clean up after testing:
# sys.meta_path.remove(url_finder)

            

              
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            import sys
import importlib.abc
import importlib.util
import base64

# Assume a simple XOR encryption for demonstration
def encrypt_decrypt(data, key):
    key_len = len(key)
    return bytes(data[i] ^ key[i % key_len] for i in range(len(data)))

ENCRYPTION_KEY = b"your_secret_key_here"

class EncryptedFileLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
    def __init__(self, fullname, filename):
        self.fullname = fullname
        self.filename = filename

    def get_filename(self, fullname):
        return self.filename

    def get_data(self, filename):
        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
            encrypted_data = f.read()
        return encrypt_decrypt(encrypted_data, ENCRYPTION_KEY)

    def create_module(self, spec):
        # For Python 3.5+, returning None delegates module creation to importlib
        return None

    def exec_module(self, module):
        source = self.get_data(self.filename).decode('utf-8')
        exec(source, module.__dict__)

class EncryptedFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
    def __init__(self, module_dir):
        self.module_dir = module_dir
        # Preload modules that are encrypted
        self.encrypted_modules = {}
        import os
        for filename in os.listdir(module_dir):
            if filename.endswith(".enc"):
                module_name = filename[:-4] # Remove .enc extension
                self.encrypted_modules[module_name] = os.path.join(module_dir, filename)

    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
        if fullname in self.encrypted_modules:
            module_path = self.encrypted_modules[fullname]
            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader(
                fullname,
                EncryptedFileLoader(fullname, module_path),
                origin=module_path
            )
            return spec
        return None

# --- Usage --- 

# Assume 'my_secret_module.py' was encrypted using ENCRYPTION_KEY and saved as 'my_secret_module.enc'
# You would distribute 'my_secret_module.enc' and this loader/finder.

# Example: Create a dummy encrypted file for testing
# with open("my_secret_module.py", "w") as f:
#     f.write("def greet(): return 'Hello from the secret module!'")
# with open("my_secret_module.py", "rb") as f_in, open("my_secret_module.enc", "wb") as f_out:
#     data = f_in.read()
#     f_out.write(encrypt_decrypt(data, ENCRYPTION_KEY))


# Create a directory for encrypted modules (e.g., 'encrypted_modules')
# and place 'my_secret_module.enc' inside.

# encrypted_dir = "./encrypted_modules"
# encrypted_finder = EncryptedFinder(encrypted_dir)
# sys.meta_path.insert(0, encrypted_finder)

# Now, import the module - the hook will decrypt it automatically
# import my_secret_module
# print(my_secret_module.greet())

# To clean up:
# sys.meta_path.remove(encrypted_finder)
# os.remove("my_secret_module.enc") # and the original .py if created for testing

            

              
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            import sys

# Assuming CustomFinder is your implemented finder class
my_finder = CustomFinder(...)
sys.meta_path.insert(0, my_finder) # Insert at the beginning to give it priority

            

              
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