模板字面量类型：TypeScript 中的字符串模式匹配和验证

            type Greeting<T extends string> = `Hello, ${T}!`;

type MyGreeting = Greeting<"World">; // type MyGreeting = "Hello, World!"

            

              
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            type PrefixedString<T extends string> = T extends `prefix-${string}` ? T : never;

type ValidPrefixedString = PrefixedString<"prefix-valid">; // type ValidPrefixedString = "prefix-valid"
type InvalidPrefixedString = PrefixedString<"invalid">; // type InvalidPrefixedString = never

            

              
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            type CoordinateString = `x:${number},y:${number}`;

type ExtractX<T extends CoordinateString> = T extends `x:${infer X},y:${number}` ? X : never;
type ExtractY<T extends CoordinateString> = T extends `x:${number},y:${infer Y}` ? Y : never;

type XValue = ExtractX<"x:10,y:20">; // type XValue = 10
type YValue = ExtractY<"x:10,y:20">; // type YValue = 20

            

              
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            type Year = `${number}${number}${number}${number}`;
type Month = `0${number}` | `10` | `11` | `12`;
type Day = `${0}${number}` | `${1 | 2}${number}` | `30` | `31`;

type ISODate = `${Year}-${Month}-${Day}`;

type ValidDate = ISODate extends "2023-10-27" ? true : false; // true
type InvalidDate = ISODate extends "2023-13-27" ? true : false; // false

function processDate(date: ISODate) {
  // Function logic here.  TypeScript enforces the ISODate format.
  return `Processing date: ${date}`;
}

console.log(processDate("2024-01-15")); // Works
//console.log(processDate("2024-1-15")); // TypeScript error: Argument of type '"2024-1-15"' is not assignable to parameter of type '`${number}${number}${number}${number}-${0}${number}-${0}${number}` | `${number}${number}${number}${number}-${0}${number}-${1}${number}` | ... 14 more ... | `${number}${number}${number}${number}-12-31`'.

            

              
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            type CurrencyCode = `${Uppercase<string>}${Uppercase<string>}${Uppercase<string>}`;

function formatCurrency(amount: number, currency: CurrencyCode) {
  // Function logic to format currency based on the provided code.
  return `$${amount} ${currency}`;
}

console.log(formatCurrency(100, "USD")); // Works
//console.log(formatCurrency(100, "usd")); // TypeScript error: Argument of type '"usd"' is not assignable to parameter of type '`${Uppercase}${Uppercase}${Uppercase}`'.

//More precise example:
type ValidCurrencyCode = "USD" | "EUR" | "GBP" | "JPY" | "CAD" | "AUD"; // Extend as needed

type StronglyTypedCurrencyCode = ValidCurrencyCode;

function formatCurrencyStronglyTyped(amount: number, currency: StronglyTypedCurrencyCode) {
    return `$${amount} ${currency}`;
}

console.log(formatCurrencyStronglyTyped(100, "EUR")); // Works
//console.log(formatCurrencyStronglyTyped(100, "CNY")); // TypeScript error: Argument of type '"CNY"' is not assignable to parameter of type '"USD" | "EUR" | "GBP" | "JPY" | "CAD" | "AUD"'.

            

              
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            type APIServiceName = "users" | "products" | "orders";
type APIEndpointPath = `/${APIServiceName}/${string}`;

function callAPI(path: APIEndpointPath) {
  // API call logic
  console.log(`Calling API: ${path}`);
}

callAPI("/users/123"); // Valid
callAPI("/products/details"); // Valid
//callAPI("/invalid/path"); // TypeScript error

// Even more specific:
type APIAction = "create" | "read" | "update" | "delete";
type APIEndpointPathSpecific = `/${APIServiceName}/${APIAction}`;

function callAPISpecific(path: APIEndpointPathSpecific) {
  // API call logic
  console.log(`Calling specific API: ${path}`);
}

callAPISpecific("/users/create"); // Valid
//callAPISpecific("/users/list"); // TypeScript error

            

              
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