Python FastAPI 错误处理：构建健壮的自定义异常处理器

            
class OutOfStockError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, product_id: int):
        self.product_id = product_id
        self.message = f"Product with ID {product_id} is out of stock."

            

              
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from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, HTTPException
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse

app = FastAPI()

class OutOfStockError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, product_id: int):
        self.product_id = product_id
        self.message = f"Product with ID {product_id} is out of stock."

@app.exception_handler(OutOfStockError)
async def out_of_stock_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: OutOfStockError):
    return JSONResponse(
        status_code=400,
        content={"message": exc.message},
    )

@app.get("/products/{product_id}")
async def get_product(product_id: int):
    # Simulate checking product stock
    if product_id == 123:
        raise OutOfStockError(product_id=product_id)
    return {"product_id": product_id, "name": "Example Product", "price": 29.99}

            

              
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from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse

app = FastAPI()

@app.exception_handler(ValueError)
async def value_error_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: ValueError):
    return JSONResponse(
        status_code=400,
        content={"message": str(exc)},
    )

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def get_item(item_id: int):
    # Simulate invalid item_id
    if item_id < 0:
        raise ValueError("Item ID must be a positive integer.")
    return {"item_id": item_id, "name": "Example Item"}

            

              
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from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException

app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/users/{user_id}")
async def get_user(user_id: int):
    # Simulate user not found
    if user_id == 999:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found")
    return {"user_id": user_id, "name": "Example User"}

            

              
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from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
import logging

app = FastAPI()

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

@app.exception_handler(Exception)
async def global_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: Exception):
    logger.exception(f"Unhandled exception: {exc}")
    return JSONResponse(
        status_code=500,
        content={"message": "Internal server error"},
    )

@app.get("/error")
async def trigger_error():
    raise ValueError("This is a test error.")

            

              
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from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
import logging

app = FastAPI()

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

@app.middleware("http")
async def exception_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
    try:
        response = await call_next(request)
    except Exception as exc:
        logger.exception(f"Unhandled exception: {exc}")
        return JSONResponse(
            status_code=500,
            content={"message": "Internal server error"},
        )
    return response

@app.get("/error")
async def trigger_error():
    raise ValueError("This is a test error.")

            

              
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from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, HTTPException
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from typing import Dict

app = FastAPI()

# Mock translation dictionary (replace with a real i18n library)
translations: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {
    "en": {
        "product_not_found": "Product with ID {product_id} not found.",
        "invalid_input": "Invalid input: {error_message}",
    },
    "fr": {
        "product_not_found": "Produit avec l'ID {product_id} introuvable.",
        "invalid_input": "Entrée invalide : {error_message}",
    },
    "es": {
        "product_not_found": "Producto con ID {product_id} no encontrado.",
        "invalid_input": "Entrada inválida: {error_message}",
    },
    "de": {
        "product_not_found": "Produkt mit ID {product_id} nicht gefunden.",
        "invalid_input": "Ungültige Eingabe: {error_message}",
    }
}

def get_translation(locale: str, key: str, **kwargs) -> str:
    """Retrieves a translation for a given locale and key.
    If the locale or key is not found, returns a default message.
    """
    if locale in translations and key in translations[locale]:
        return translations[locale][key].format(**kwargs)
    return f"Translation missing for key '{key}' in locale '{locale}'."

@app.get("/products/{product_id}")
async def get_product(request: Request, product_id: int, locale: str = "en"):
    # Simulate product lookup
    if product_id > 100:
        message = get_translation(locale, "product_not_found", product_id=product_id)
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=message)

    if product_id < 0:
         message = get_translation(locale, "invalid_input", error_message="Product ID must be positive")
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=message)

    return {"product_id": product_id, "name": "Example Product"}

            

              
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