Python 并发模式：掌握全局应用的线程安全设计

            
import threading

class UnsafeCounter:
    def __init__(self):
        self.value = 0

    def increment(self):
        self.value += 1

def worker(counter, num_increments):
    for _ in range(num_increments):
        counter.increment()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    counter = UnsafeCounter()
    num_threads = 5
    num_increments = 10000
    threads = []
    for _ in range(num_threads):
        thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(counter, num_increments))
        threads.append(thread)
        thread.start()

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()

    print(f"Expected: {num_threads * num_increments}, Actual: {counter.value}")

            

              
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import threading

class SafeCounter:
    def __init__(self):
        self.value = 0
        self.lock = threading.Lock()

    def increment(self):
        with self.lock:
            self.value += 1

def worker(counter, num_increments):
    for _ in range(num_increments):
        counter.increment()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    counter = SafeCounter()
    num_threads = 5
    num_increments = 10000
    threads = []
    for _ in range(num_threads):
        thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(counter, num_increments))
        threads.append(thread)
        thread.start()

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()

    print(f"Expected: {num_threads * num_increments}, Actual: {counter.value}")

            

              
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import threading
import time

class DatabaseConnectionPool:
    def __init__(self, max_connections):
        self.semaphore = threading.Semaphore(max_connections)
        self.connections = []

    def get_connection(self):
        self.semaphore.acquire()
        connection = "Simulated Database Connection"
        self.connections.append(connection)
        print(f"Thread {threading.current_thread().name}: Acquired connection. Available connections: {self.semaphore._value}")
        return connection

    def release_connection(self, connection):
        self.connections.remove(connection)
        self.semaphore.release()
        print(f"Thread {threading.current_thread().name}: Released connection. Available connections: {self.semaphore._value}")

def worker(pool):
    connection = pool.get_connection()
    time.sleep(2)  # Simulate database operation
    pool.release_connection(connection)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    max_connections = 3
    pool = DatabaseConnectionPool(max_connections)
    num_threads = 5
    threads = []
    for i in range(num_threads):
        thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(pool,), name=f"Thread-{i+1}")
        threads.append(thread)
        thread.start()

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()

    print("All threads completed.")

            

              
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import threading
import time
import random

class Buffer:
    def __init__(self, capacity):
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.buffer = []
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.empty = threading.Condition(self.lock)
        self.full = threading.Condition(self.lock)

    def produce(self, item):
        with self.lock:
            while len(self.buffer) == self.capacity:
                print("Buffer is full. Producer waiting...")
                self.full.wait()
            self.buffer.append(item)
            print(f"Produced: {item}. Buffer size: {len(self.buffer)}")
            self.empty.notify()

    def consume(self):
        with self.lock:
            while not self.buffer:
                print("Buffer is empty. Consumer waiting...")
                self.empty.wait()
            item = self.buffer.pop(0)
            print(f"Consumed: {item}. Buffer size: {len(self.buffer)}")
            self.full.notify()
            return item

def producer(buffer):
    for i in range(10):
        time.sleep(random.random() * 0.5)
        buffer.produce(i)

def consumer(buffer):
    for _ in range(10):
        time.sleep(random.random() * 0.8)
        buffer.consume()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    buffer = Buffer(5)
    producer_thread = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(buffer,))
    consumer_thread = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(buffer,))
    producer_thread.start()
    consumer_thread.start()
    producer_thread.join()
    consumer_thread.join()
    print("Producer and consumer finished.")

            

              
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import threading
import queue
import time
import random

def producer(queue):
    for i in range(10):
        time.sleep(random.random() * 0.5)
        item = i
        queue.put(item)
        print(f"Produced: {item}. Queue size: {queue.qsize()}")

def consumer(queue):
    for _ in range(10):
        time.sleep(random.random() * 0.8)
        item = queue.get()
        print(f"Consumed: {item}. Queue size: {queue.qsize()}")
        queue.task_done()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    q = queue.Queue(maxsize=5)
    producer_thread = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(q,))
    consumer_thread = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(q,))
    producer_thread.start()
    consumer_thread.start()
    producer_thread.join()
    consumer_thread.join()
    print("Producer and consumer finished.")

            

              
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import threading

local_data = threading.local()

def worker():
    # Each thread has its own copy of 'counter'
    if not hasattr(local_data, "counter"):
        local_data.counter = 0
    
    for _ in range(5):
        local_data.counter += 1
        print(f"Thread {threading.current_thread().name}: Counter = {local_data.counter}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    threads = []
    for i in range(3):
        thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, name=f"Thread-{i+1}")
        threads.append(thread)
        thread.start()

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()

    print("All threads completed.")

            

              
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