精通 Python Asyncio：深入解析任务创建与管理

            import asyncio

async def say_hello(name: str):
    print(f"Preparing to greet {name}...")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)  # Simulate a non-blocking I/O operation
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

# Calling the function doesn't run it, it creates a coroutine object
coro = say_hello("World")
print(f"Created a coroutine object: {coro}")

# To actually run it, you need to use an entry point like asyncio.run()
# asyncio.run(coro)
            

              
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            import asyncio

async def my_background_work():
    print("Starting background work...")
    await asyncio.sleep(2)
    print("Background work finished.")
    return "Success"

async def main():
    print("Main function started.")
    # Schedule my_background_work to run concurrently
    task = asyncio.create_task(my_background_work())
    
    # While the task runs, we can do other things
    print("Task created. Main function continues to run.")
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    print("Main function did some other work.")

    # Now, wait for the task to complete and get its result
    result = await task
    print(f"Task completed with result: {result}")

asyncio.run(main())
            

              
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            import asyncio
import aiohttp
import time

async def fetch_status(session, url):
    async with session.get(url) as response:
        return response.status

async def main_sequential():
    urls = [
        "https://www.python.org",
        "https://www.google.com",
        "https://www.github.com",
        "https://www.microsoft.com"
    ]
    start_time = time.time()
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        for url in urls:
            status = await fetch_status(session, url)
            print(f"Status for {url}: {status}")
    end_time = time.time()
    print(f"Sequential execution took {end_time - start_time:.2f} seconds")

# To run this, you would use: asyncio.run(main_sequential())
            

              
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            import asyncio
import aiohttp
import time

# fetch_status coroutine remains the same
async def fetch_status(session, url):
    async with session.get(url) as response:
        return response.status

async def main_concurrent():
    urls = [
        "https://www.python.org",
        "https://www.google.com",
        "https://www.github.com",
        "https://www.microsoft.com"
    ]
    start_time = time.time()
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        # Create a list of tasks, but don't await them yet
        tasks = [asyncio.create_task(fetch_status(session, url)) for url in urls]
        
        # Now, wait for all tasks to complete
        statuses = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
        
        for url, status in zip(urls, statuses):
            print(f"Status for {url}: {status}")
            
    end_time = time.time()
    print(f"Concurrent execution took {end_time - start_time:.2f} seconds")

asyncio.run(main_concurrent())

            

              
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            import asyncio

async def worker(delay):
    print(f"Worker starting, will sleep for {delay}s")
    await asyncio.sleep(delay)
    # This worker will fail
    if delay == 2:
        raise ValueError("Something went wrong in worker 2")
    print(f"Worker with delay {delay} finished")
    return f"Result from {delay}s"

async def main():
    print("Starting main with TaskGroup...")
    try:
        async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:
            task1 = tg.create_task(worker(1))
            task2 = tg.create_task(worker(2)) # This one will fail
            task3 = tg.create_task(worker(3))
            
            print("Tasks created in the group.")
        
        # This part of the code will NOT be reached if an exception occurs
        # The results would be accessed via task1.result(), etc.
        print("All tasks completed successfully.")

    except* ValueError as eg: # Note the `except*` for ExceptionGroup
        print(f"Caught an exception group with {len(eg.exceptions)} exceptions.")
        for exc in eg.exceptions:
            print(f" - {exc}")
    
    print("Main function finished.")

asyncio.run(main())
            

              
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            import asyncio

async def fetch_data(source, delay):
    print(f"Fetching from {source}...")
    await asyncio.sleep(delay)
    return {"source": source, "data": f"some data from {source}"}

async def main():
    # gather can take coroutines directly
    results = await asyncio.gather(
        fetch_data("API", 2),
        fetch_data("Database", 3),
        fetch_data("Cache", 1)
    )
    print(results)

asyncio.run(main())
            

              
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            # ... inside main()
    results = await asyncio.gather(
        fetch_data("API", 2),
        asyncio.create_task(worker(1)), # This will raise a ValueError
        fetch_data("Cache", 1),
        return_exceptions=True
    )
    # results will contain a mix of successful results and exception objects
    print(results)
            

              
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