高级泛型约束：掌握复杂类型关系

            public interface IStorable
{
 string Serialize();
 void Deserialize(string data);
}

public class DataRepository<T> where T : IStorable, new()
{
 public void Save(T item)
 {
 string data = item.Serialize();
 // Save data to storage
 }

 public T Load(string data)
 {
 T item = new T();
 item.Deserialize(data);
 return item;
 }
}

            

              
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            interface BaseQuery {}

interface UserQuery extends BaseQuery {
 //User specific properties
}

interface ProductQuery extends BaseQuery {
 //Product specific properties
}

function createQuery<T extends { type: 'user' | 'product' }>(config: T):
 T extends { type: 'user' } ? UserQuery : ProductQuery {
 if (config.type === 'user') {
 return {} as UserQuery; // In real implementation, build the query
 } else {
 return {} as ProductQuery; // In real implementation, build the query
 }
}

const userQuery = createQuery({ type: 'user' }); // type of userQuery is UserQuery
const productQuery = createQuery({ type: 'product' }); // type of productQuery is ProductQuery

            

              
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            interface Mapper<TInput, TOutput> {
 map(input: TInput): TOutput;
}

function transform<TInput, TOutput, TMapper extends Mapper<TInput, TOutput>>(
 input: TInput,
 mapper: TMapper
): TOutput {
 return mapper.map(input);
}

class User {
 name: string;
 age: number;
}

class UserDTO {
 fullName: string;
 years: number;
}

class UserToUserDTOMapper implements Mapper<User, UserDTO> {
 map(user: User): UserDTO {
 return { fullName: user.name, years: user.age };
 }
}

const user = { name: 'John Doe', age: 30 };
const mapper = new UserToUserDTOMapper();
const userDTO = transform(user, mapper); // type of userDTO is UserDTO

            

              
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            public interface ICombinable<T>
{
 T Combine(T other);
}

public static class CollectionExtensions
{
 public static IEnumerable<TResult> CombineCollections<T1, T2, TResult>(
 this IEnumerable<T1> collection1,
 IEnumerable<T2> collection2,
 Func<T1, T2, TResult> combiner) 
 {
 foreach (var item1 in collection1)
 {
 foreach (var item2 in collection2)
 {
 yield return combiner(item1, item2);
 }
 }
 }
}

// Example usage
List<int> numbers = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
List<string> strings = new List<string> { "a", "b", "c" };

var combined = numbers.CombineCollections(strings, (number, str) => number.ToString() + str);

// combined will be IEnumerable<string> containing: "1a", "1b", "1c", "2a", "2b", "2c", "3a", "3b", "3c"

            

              
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            interface Container<T, C extends Container<T, C>> {
 <R> C map(Function<T, R> f);
}

class ListContainer<T> implements Container<T, ListContainer<T>> {
 private final List<T> list;

 public ListContainer(List<T> list) {
 this.list = list;
 }

 @Override
 public <R> ListContainer<R> map(Function<T, R> f) {
 List<R> newList = new ArrayList<>();
 for (T element : list) {
 newList.add(f.apply(element));
 }
 return new ListContainer<>(newList);
 }
}

interface Function<T, R> {
 R apply(T t);
}

// Usage
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3);
ListContainer<Integer> numberContainer = new ListContainer<>(numbers);
ListContainer<String> stringContainer = numberContainer.map(i -> "Number: " + i);

            

              
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            type PickByType<T, ValueType> = {
 [Key in keyof T as T[Key] extends ValueType ? Key : never]: T[Key];
};

interface Person {
 name: string;
 age: number;
 address: string;
 isEmployed: boolean;
}

type StringProperties = PickByType<Person, string>; // { name: string; address: string; }

const person: Person = {
 name: "Alice",
 age: 30,
 address: "123 Main St",
 isEmployed: true,
};

const stringProps: StringProperties = {
 name: person.name,
 address: person.address,
};

            

              
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