Làm chủ kiểm thử FastAPI: Hướng dẫn toàn diện về TestClient

            pip install fastapi pytest httpx
            

              
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            from fastapi import FastAPI\nfrom pydantic import BaseModel\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\nclass Item(BaseModel:\n name: str\n description: str | None = None\n price: float\n tax: float | None = None\n\n@app.get("/")\nasync def read_root():\n return {"message": "Hello World"}\n\n@app.get("/items/{item_id}")\nasync def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):\n return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}\n\n@app.post("/items/")\nasync def create_item(item: Item):\n return item\n
            

              
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            from fastapi.testclient import TestClient\nfrom .main import app\n\nclient = TestClient(app)\n\ndef test_read_root():\n response = client.get("/")\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World"}\n
            

              
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            pytest
            

              
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            ============================= test session starts ==============================\nplatform darwin -- Python 3.9.6, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0\nrootdir: /path/to/your/project\ncollected 1 item\n\ntest_main.py .\n\n============================== 1 passed in 0.01s ===============================
            

              
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            def test_read_item():\n response = client.get("/items/1?q=test")\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"item_id": 1, "q": "test"}\n
            

              
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            def test_create_item():\n item_data = {"name": "Example Item", "description": "A test item", "price": 9.99, "tax": 1.00}\n response = client.post("/items/", json=item_data)\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == item_data\n
            

              
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            def test_update_item():\n item_data = {"name": "Updated Item", "description": "An updated test item", "price": 19.99, "tax": 2.00}\n response = client.put("/items/1", json=item_data)\n assert response.status_code == 200\n # Add assertions for the expected response\n\ndef test_delete_item():\n response = client.delete("/items/1")\n assert response.status_code == 200\n # Add assertions for the expected response\n\ndef test_patch_item():\n item_data = {"price": 29.99}\n response = client.patch("/items/1", json=item_data)\n assert response.status_code == 200\n # Add assertions for the expected response
            

              
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            from typing import Annotated\n\nfrom fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status\nfrom fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm\nfrom sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, declarative_base, Session\n\n# Database Configuration\nDATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db"  # In-memory database for testing\nengine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False})\nTestingSessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)\nBase = declarative_base()\n\n# Define User Model\nclass User(Base):\n __tablename__ = "users"\n\n id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)\n username = Column(String, unique=True, index=True)\n password = Column(String)\n\nBase.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)\n\n# FastAPI App\napp = FastAPI()\n\n# Dependency to get the database session\ndef get_db():\n db = TestingSessionLocal()\n try:\n yield db\n finally:\n db.close()\n\n# Endpoint to create a user\n@app.post("/users/")\nasync def create_user(username: str, password: str, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):\n db_user = User(username=username, password=password)\n db.add(db_user)\n db.commit()\n db.refresh(db_user)\n return db_user\n
            

              
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            from fastapi.testclient import TestClient\nfrom .main import app, get_db, Base, engine, TestingSessionLocal\n\nclient = TestClient(app)\n\n# Override the database dependency for testing\n\ndef override_get_db():\n try:\n db = TestingSessionLocal()\n yield db\n finally:\n db.close()\n\napp.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db\n\ndef test_create_user():\n # First, ensure the tables are created, which may not happen by default\n Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) # important: create the tables in the test db\n response = client.post("/users/", params={"username": "testuser", "password": "password123"})\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json()["username"] == "testuser"\n\n # Clean up the override after the test if needed\napp.dependency_overrides = {}\n
            

              
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            import asyncio\n\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\n@app.get("/async")\nasync def async_endpoint():\n await asyncio.sleep(0.1) # Simulate some async operation\n return {"message": "Async Hello"}\n
            

              
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            import pytest\nfrom fastapi.testclient import TestClient\nfrom .main import app\n\nclient = TestClient(app)\n\n@pytest.mark.asyncio # Needed to be compatible with pytest-asyncio\nasync def test_async_endpoint():\n response = client.get("/async")\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"message": "Async Hello"}\n
            

              
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            from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile\nfrom typing import List\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\n@app.post("/files/")\nasync def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File()):\n return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}\n\n@app.post("/uploadfiles/")\nasync def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile]):\n return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}\n
            

              
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            from fastapi.testclient import TestClient\nfrom .main import app\nimport io\n\nclient = TestClient(app)\n\ndef test_create_files():\n file_content = b"Test file content"\n files = [('files', ('test.txt', io.BytesIO(file_content), 'text/plain'))]\n response = client.post("/files/", files=files)\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"file_sizes": [len(file_content)]}\n\ndef test_create_upload_files():\n file_content = b"Test upload file content"\n files = [('files', ('test_upload.txt', io.BytesIO(file_content), 'text/plain'))]\n response = client.post("/uploadfiles/", files=files)\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"filenames": ["test_upload.txt"]}\n
            

              
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            from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\n@app.get("/items/{item_id}")\nasync def read_item(item_id: int):\n if item_id > 100:\n raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Item ID too large")\n return {"item_id": item_id}\n
            

              
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            from fastapi.testclient import TestClient\nfrom .main import app\n\nclient = TestClient(app)\n\ndef test_read_item_error():\n response = client.get("/items/101")\n assert response.status_code == 400\n assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item ID too large"}\n
            

              
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            from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException, status\nfrom fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\n# Security\noauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")\n\n@app.post("/token")\nasync def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):\n # Simulate authentication\n if form_data.username != "testuser" or form_data.password != "password123":\n raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="Incorrect username or password")\n return {"access_token": "fake_token", "token_type": "bearer"}\n\n@app.get("/protected")\nasync def protected_route(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):\n return {"message": "Protected data"}\n
            

              
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            from fastapi.testclient import TestClient\nfrom .main import app\n\nclient = TestClient(app)\n\ndef test_login():\n response = client.post("/token", data={"username": "testuser", "password": "password123"})\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert "access_token" in response.json()\n\ndef test_protected_route():\n # First, get a token\n token_response = client.post("/token", data={"username": "testuser", "password": "password123"})\n token = token_response.json()["access_token"]\n\n # Then, use the token to access the protected route\n response = client.get("/protected", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}) # corrected format.\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"message": "Protected data"}\n
            

              
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            from fastapi import FastAPI, Header\nfrom typing import Optional\n\napp = FastAPI()\n\nmessages = {\n "en": {"greeting": "Hello, world!"},\n "fr": {"greeting": "Bonjour le monde !"},\n "es": {"greeting": "¡Hola Mundo!"},\n}\n\n@app.get("/")\nasync def read_root(accept_language: Optional[str] = Header(None)):\n lang = accept_language[:2] if accept_language else "en"\n if lang not in messages:\n lang = "en"\n return {"message": messages[lang]["greeting"]}\n
            

              
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            from fastapi.testclient import TestClient\nfrom .main import app\n\nclient = TestClient(app)\n\ndef test_read_root_en():\n response = client.get("/", headers={"Accept-Language": "en-US"})\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello, world!"}\n\ndef test_read_root_fr():\n response = client.get("/", headers={"Accept-Language": "fr-FR"})\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"message": "Bonjour le monde !"}\n\ndef test_read_root_es():\n response = client.get("/", headers={"Accept-Language": "es-ES"})\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"message": "¡Hola Mundo!"}\n\ndef test_read_root_default():\n response = client.get("/")\n assert response.status_code == 200\n assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello, world!"}\n
            

              
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