SQLAlchemy Core vs ORM: 상세 쿼리 구성 비교

            pip install sqlalchemy
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import create_engine, MetaData, Table, Column, Integer, String

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:') # In-memory database for example
metadata = MetaData()

users_table = Table(
    'users',
    metadata,
    Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
    Column('name', String(50)),
    Column('email', String(100))
)

metadata.create_all(engine)

connection = engine.connect()
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base, sessionmaker

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:')
Base = declarative_base()

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String(50))
    email = Column(String(100))

Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import select

# Select all users
select_stmt = select(users_table)
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users = result.fetchall()

for user in users:
    print(user)

# Select specific columns (name and email)
select_stmt = select(users_table.c.name, users_table.c.email)
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users = result.fetchall()

for user in users:
    print(user)
            

              
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            # Select all users
users = session.query(User).all()

for user in users:
    print(user.name, user.email)

# Select specific columns (name and email)
users = session.query(User.name, User.email).all()

for user in users:
    print(user)
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import select, and_, or_

# Select users with name 'Alice'
select_stmt = select(users_table).where(users_table.c.name == 'Alice')
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users = result.fetchall()

for user in users:
    print(user)

# Select users with name 'Alice' and email containing 'example.com'
select_stmt = select(users_table).where(
    and_(
        users_table.c.name == 'Alice',
        users_table.c.email.like('%example.com%')
    )
)
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users = result.fetchall()

for user in users:
    print(user)
            

              
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            # Select users with name 'Alice'
users = session.query(User).filter(User.name == 'Alice').all()

for user in users:
    print(user.name, user.email)

# Select users with name 'Alice' and email containing 'example.com'
users = session.query(User).filter(
    User.name == 'Alice',
    User.email.like('%example.com%')
).all()

for user in users:
    print(user.name, user.email)
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import select

# Select users ordered by name (ascending)
select_stmt = select(users_table).order_by(users_table.c.name)
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users = result.fetchall()

for user in users:
    print(user)

# Select users ordered by name (descending)
from sqlalchemy import desc
select_stmt = select(users_table).order_by(desc(users_table.c.name))
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users = result.fetchall()

for user in users:
    print(user)
            

              
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            # Select users ordered by name (ascending)
users = session.query(User).order_by(User.name).all()

for user in users:
    print(user.name, user.email)

# Select users ordered by name (descending)
from sqlalchemy import desc
users = session.query(User).order_by(desc(User.name)).all()

for user in users:
    print(user.name, user.email)
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import select

# Select the first 5 users
select_stmt = select(users_table).limit(5)
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users = result.fetchall()

for user in users:
    print(user)

# Select users starting from the 6th user (offset 5), limit 5
select_stmt = select(users_table).offset(5).limit(5)
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users = result.fetchall()

for user in users:
    print(user)
            

              
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            # Select the first 5 users
users = session.query(User).limit(5).all()

for user in users:
    print(user.name, user.email)

# Select users starting from the 6th user (offset 5), limit 5
users = session.query(User).offset(5).limit(5).all()

for user in users:
    print(user.name, user.email)
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey

addresses_table = Table(
    'addresses',
    metadata,
    Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
    Column('user_id', Integer, ForeignKey('users.id')),
    Column('address', String(200))
)

metadata.create_all(engine)

# Select users and their addresses
select_stmt = select(users_table, addresses_table).where(users_table.c.id == addresses_table.c.user_id)
result = connection.execute(select_stmt)
users_addresses = result.fetchall()

for user, address in users_addresses:
    print(user.name, address.address)
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship

class Address(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'addresses'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id'))
    address = Column(String(200))
    user = relationship("User", back_populates="addresses") # Define relationship with User

User.addresses = relationship("Address", back_populates="user")

Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

# Select users and their addresses
users = session.query(User).all()

for user in users:
    for address in user.addresses:
        print(user.name, address.address)
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import insert

# Insert a new user
insert_stmt = insert(users_table).values(name='Bob', email='bob@example.com')
result = connection.execute(insert_stmt)

# Get the ID of the newly inserted row
inserted_id = result.inserted_primary_key[0]
print(f"Inserted user with ID: {inserted_id}")
connection.commit()
            

              
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            # Insert a new user
new_user = User(name='Bob', email='bob@example.com')
session.add(new_user)
session.commit()

# Get the ID of the newly inserted row
print(f"Inserted user with ID: {new_user.id}")
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import update

# Update the email of user with ID 1
update_stmt = update(users_table).where(users_table.c.id == 1).values(email='new_email@example.com')
result = connection.execute(update_stmt)
print(f"Updated {result.rowcount} rows")
connection.commit()
            

              
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            # Update the email of user with ID 1
user = session.query(User).filter(User.id == 1).first()
if user:
    user.email = 'new_email@example.com'
    session.commit()
    print("User updated successfully")
else:
    print("User not found")
            

              
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            from sqlalchemy import delete

# Delete user with ID 1
delete_stmt = delete(users_table).where(users_table.c.id == 1)
result = connection.execute(delete_stmt)
print(f"Deleted {result.rowcount} rows")
connection.commit()
            

              
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            # Delete user with ID 1
user = session.query(User).filter(User.id == 1).first()
if user:
    session.delete(user)
    session.commit()
    print("User deleted successfully")
else:
    print("User not found")
            

              
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