ä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ã®äžçãžãããããé»åå·¥åŠ(ãªãã¢ã³ã)ããçç©åŠ(PCR)ãååŠãŸã§ãäžçã®æè¡é©æ°ã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªå¢å¹ æè¡ãå æ¬çã«è§£èª¬ããŸãã
èŠããªããã®ãè§£ãæããïŒä¿¡å·å¢å¹ æè¡ã®ç·åã¬ã€ã
ç§ãã¡ã®äžçã§ã¯ãæãéèŠãªæ å ±ã¯ããã°ãã°æ¥µããŠåŸ®åŒ±ãªä¿¡å·ã«ãã£ãŠäŒããããŸããèœé³ã®ã¹ã¿ãžã¢ã ã§ãããã声ãäžã€èãåãããšãæ°ååå 幎圌æ¹ã®éæ²³ããã®ããããªå ãæ€åºããããšããããã¯è¡æ¶²ãµã³ãã«äžã®äžã€ã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åãç¹å®ããããšãæ³åããŠã¿ãŠãã ããããããã®å Žåããçã®ä¿¡å·ã¯çŽæ¥ç¥èŠã»æž¬å®ããã«ã¯ããŸãã«ã匱ãããŸããããã¯ãã€ãºã®æµ·ã«åãããæ°žé ã«å€±ããããã®ããã§ããããã§ç»å Žããã®ããä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ãšããç§åŠã§ãããæè¡ãªã®ã§ãã
ä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ãšã¯ãä¿¡å·ã®åŒ·åºŠãããªãã¡æ¯å¹ ãå¢å€§ãããæž¬å®ãåæããããŠå©çšå¯èœã«ããããã»ã¹ã§ããããã¯ããã±ããã®äžã®ã¹ããŒããã©ã³ãããåœãæãé«åºŠãªå»ç蚺æã«è³ããŸã§ãç§åŠãšå·¥åŠã®ã»ãŒãã¹ãŠã®åéã«ãããç¡æ°ã®æè¡é©æ°ãæ¯ãããæ ¹æ¬çãªå®çŸæè¡ã§ããä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ããªããã°ãçŸä»£ã®éä¿¡ãç§åŠççºèŠããããŠå»çã¯äžå¯èœã ã£ãã§ãããã
ãã®ç·åã¬ã€ãã¯ããšã³ãžãã¢ãç§åŠè ãåŠçããããŠæè¡æå¥œå®¶ãšãã£ãäžçäžã®èªè ã察象ãšããŠããŸããç§ãã¡ã¯ãå¢å¹ ã®åºæ¬åçãããé»åå·¥åŠãçç©åŠãååŠã§çšããããäž»èŠãªæè¡ãæ¢æ±ããçæ§ã®ç¹å®ã®çšéã«åã£ãé©åãªææ³ãéžæããããã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæäŸããŸããé«æåºŠãªæ°åã»ã³ãµãŒãèšèšããŠããæ¹ã蚺æã¢ãã»ã€ãéçºããŠããæ¹ããããã¯åã«çŸä»£äžçãåããæè¡ã«èå³ãããæ¹ã§ãããæ¬çš¿ã¯ãèŠããªããã®ãèŠããããã«ããããã«äœ¿ããã匷åãªæè¡ãè§£ãæããäžå©ãšãªãã§ãããã
ä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ã®åºç€
å ·äœçãªæè¡ã«èžã¿èŸŒãåã«ãããããå¢å¹ ã®åœ¢æ ãæ¯é ããåºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µãçè§£ããããšã極ããŠéèŠã§ããå¢å¹ ã®æ žå¿ã¯ãå°ããªãã®ãéåžžã«ãéåžžã«å€§ããããããšã«ãããŸãããããããã®èª²é¡ã¯ããããç²ŸåºŠãšæçãããã£ãŠè¡ãç¹ã«ãããŸãã
ä¿¡å·ãšã¯äœãïŒ
ä¿¡å·ãšã¯ãããäºè±¡ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãäŒãã颿°ã§ããããã¯é»å§ã黿µã黿³¢ãå 匷床ãååŠæ¿åºŠããããã¯çç©åŠçã€ãã³ãã§ããåŸãŸããæ å ±ã¯ãä¿¡å·ã®æ¯å¹ ïŒåŒ·åºŠïŒãåšæ³¢æ°ïŒå€åçïŒãäœçžïŒã¿ã€ãã³ã°ïŒãšãã£ãç¹æ§ã«ç¬Šå·åãããŠããŸãã
å¢å¹ æ§èœã®4ã€ã®æ±
å®ç§ãªå¢å¹ åšã¯ãä¿¡å·ãä»ã®ç¹ã§äžåå€ããããšãªããåã«äžå®ã®ä¿æ°ã§ä¹ç®ããã ãã§ããããçŸå®ã«ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®å¢å¹ åšã«ã¯ãã®æ§èœãå®çŸ©ããç¹æ§ããããŸããããããçè§£ããããšããå¢å¹ åšã广çã«éžæã䜿çšããããã®éµãšãªããŸãã
- ã²ã€ã³ïŒå©åŸïŒïŒ ããã¯æãåºæ¬çãªææšã§ããã²ã€ã³ã¯ãåºåä¿¡å·ã®æ¯å¹ ãšå ¥åä¿¡å·ã®æ¯å¹ ã®æ¯ã§ããéåžžã«å€§ããªæ°ãå°ããªæ°ãæ±ãã®ã«äŸ¿å©ãªå¯Ÿæ°ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã§ãããã·ãã«ïŒdBïŒã§è¡šãããããšããããããŸããã²ã€ã³ãé«ããšããããšã¯ãå°ããªå ¥åã倧ããªåºåãçã¿åºãããšãæå³ããŸãã
- 垯åå¹ ïŒ ãã¹ãŠã®åšæ³¢æ°ã®ä¿¡å·ãåçã«å¢å¹ ã§ããå¢å¹ åšã¯ãããŸããã垯åå¹ ãšã¯ãå¢å¹ åšã广çã«åäœã§ããåšæ³¢æ°ã®ç¯å²ã§ãããéåžžãã²ã€ã³ãæå€§å€ã®åå以äžã§ããç¯å²ãšããŠå®çŸ©ãããŸãããã€ãã¡ã€ã»ãªãŒãã£ãªã¢ã³ãã¯ããã¹ãŠã®å¯èŽé³ãåçŸããããã«åºã垯åå¹ ïŒäŸïŒ20 Hzïœ20 kHzïŒãå¿ èŠãšããŸãããå€åã®é ãæž©åºŠã»ã³ãµãŒçšã®ã¢ã³ãã¯éåžžã«çã垯åå¹ ããå¿ èŠãšããªããããããŸããã
- ç·åœ¢æ§ïŒãªãã¢ãªãã£ïŒïŒ ç·åœ¢å¢å¹ åšã¯ãå ¥åã®å¿ å®ãªè€è£œããåã«ã¹ã±ãŒã«ã¢ããããã ãã®åºåãçæããŸããå¢å¹ ãéç·åœ¢ã§ããå Žåãæªã¿ãçããå ã®ä¿¡å·ã«ã¯ååšããªãã£ãæ°ããåšæ³¢æ°æåãçæãããŸãããªãŒãã£ãªãç§åŠèšæž¬ã®ãããªå¿çšã§ã¯ãé«ãç·åœ¢æ§ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããããžã¿ã«ããžãã¯ã®ãããªä»ã®ã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãéç·åœ¢æ§ãæãŸããç¹æ§ãšãªãããšããããŸãã
- ä¿¡å·å¯Ÿé鳿¯ïŒSNRïŒïŒ ããã¯ãé«æåºŠãªå¿çšã«ãããŠééããªãæãéèŠãªãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã§ãããã€ãºã¯ãããããä¿¡å·ã«äŒŽãã©ã³ãã ã§äžèŠãªå€åã§ããé»åéšåã®ç±ç广ïŒãžã§ã³ãœã³ã»ãã€ãã¹ããã€ãºïŒãéåçŸè±¡ïŒã·ã§ãããã€ãºïŒããŸãã¯å€éšå¹²æžããçºçããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã¹ãŠã®å¢å¹ åšã¯ãä¿¡å·ã«èªèº«ã®ãã€ãºãããããå ããŸããSNRã¯ãèæ¯ãã€ãºã«å¯Ÿããä¿¡å·åŒ·åºŠã®å°ºåºŠã§ãã åªããå¢å¹ ã·ã¹ãã ã®ç®æšã¯ãåã«ä¿¡å·ã®æ¯å¹ ã倧ããããããšã ãã§ãªããæçµçãªSNRãæå€§åããããšã§ãããã§ã«ãã€ãºã«åãããŠããä¿¡å·ãåçŽã«å¢å¹ ããŠããã€ãºãå¢å¹ ãããçµæãšããŠå€§ãããŠåœ¹ã«ç«ããªãåºåãåŸãããã ãã§ãã
é»åä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ïŒçŸä»£æè¡ã®ãšã³ãžã³
é»åå¢å¹ åšã¯ãçŸä»£äžçã®åãè ã§ãããããã¯ãã°ããŒãã«ãªéä¿¡ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãç§åŠæ©åšãããå®¶é»è£œåãå»çæ©åšã«è³ããŸã§ããããããã®ã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªæ§æèŠçŽ ã§ãããããã®å¢å¹ åšã¯ãå°ããªå ¥åé»å§ã黿µã䜿ã£ãŠãã¯ããã«å€§ããªé»æºãå¶åŸ¡ããããšã«ãã£ãŠåäœããŸãã
ãªãã¢ã³ãïŒæŒç®å¢å¹ åšïŒ
ãªãã¢ã³ãïŒoperational amplifierïŒã¯ãã¢ããã°é»åå·¥åŠã«ãããŠæãå€çšéã§åºã䜿çšãããæ§æèŠçŽ ã®äžã€ã§ããããã¯é«ã²ã€ã³ã®å·®åå¢å¹ åšã§ããã2ã€ã®å ¥åéã®å·®ãå¢å¹ ããŸããæµæãã³ã³ãã³ãµãšãã£ãå€éšéšåãåž°éã«ãŒãã«çšããããšã§ãäžã€ã®ãªãã¢ã³ãããæ£ç¢ºãªã²ã€ã³ã§ã®å¢å¹ ããã£ã«ã¿ãªã³ã°ãç©åã埮åãšãã£ãå€çš®å€æ§ãªã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®è¡ããããã«æ§æã§ããŸãã
- åäœåçïŒ äžè¬çãªå転ãŸãã¯éå転å¢å¹ åšã®æ§æã§ã¯ããªãã¢ã³ãã®é«ãã²ã€ã³ã¯è² åž°éã«ãã£ãŠæå¶ãããŸãããã®åž°éã¡ã«ããºã ã«ããããšã³ãžãã¢ã¯ã»ãŒå®å šã«å€é𿵿ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºå®ããããå®å®çã§æ£ç¢ºãªã²ã€ã³ãèšå®ã§ããèšèšã®äºæž¬å¯èœæ§ãšä¿¡é Œæ§ãé«ãŸããŸãã
- äžççãªå¿çšäŸïŒ
- ã»ã³ãµãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ïŒ ç±é»å¯Ÿãã²ãã¿ã²ãŒãžããã©ããã€ãªãŒãã®ãããªã»ã³ãµãŒããã®åŸ®åŒ±ãªä¿¡å·ã¯ããªãã¢ã³ãã«ãã£ãŠãã€ã¯ãã³ã³ãããŒã©ã§ããžã¿ã«åã§ããã¬ãã«ãŸã§å¢å¹ ãããŸããããã¯ç£æ¥ãªãŒãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã¢ãã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããïŒIoTïŒã®åºæ¬ã§ãã
- ãªãŒãã£ãªæ©åšïŒ ãã³ãã³ã®ã¬ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¹ã¿ãžãªããã¢ãžã¢ã§è£œé ãããã³ã³ã·ã¥ãŒããŒããããã³ãŸã§ããªãã¢ã³ãã¯ããªã¢ã³ãããããµãŒã§ãã€ã¯ããã©ã³ä¿¡å·ãå¢å¹ ããã¹ããŒã«ãŒãé§åããããã«äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
- å»çæ©åšïŒ å¿é»å³ïŒECGïŒãè³æ³¢ïŒEEGïŒã®ããã®è£ 眮ã¯ãå¿èãè³ããã®åŸ®å°ãªçäœé»äœãå¢å¹ ããããã«ãé«ç²ŸåºŠã®èšè£ ã¢ã³ãïŒç¹æ®ãªãªãã¢ã³ãåè·¯ïŒã«äŸåããŠããŸããç±³åœã®ãããµã¹ã»ã€ã³ã¹ãã«ã¡ã³ããã¢ããã°ã»ããã€ã»ãºãšãã£ãäŒæ¥ã¯ããããã®éšåã補é ããäžççãªãŒããŒã§ãã
ããã¯ã€ã³ã¢ã³ãïŒæ¥µç«¯ãªãã€ãºããä¿¡å·ãæœåºãã
ããããªãã®ä¿¡å·ãããããåãå·»ããã€ãºãã1,000åã匱ãã£ããã©ãã§ããããïŒæšæºçãªå¢å¹ åšã§ã¯åœ¹ã«ç«ã¡ãŸãããããã§ããã¯ã€ã³ã¢ã³ãããã®ç䟡ãçºæ®ããŸããããã¯ãæ¢ç¥ã®åšæ³¢æ°ã®ä¿¡å·ãä¿¡ããããªãã»ã©ãã€ãºã®å€ãç°å¢ããæœåºã§ããé«åºŠãªè£ 眮ã§ãæ¬è³ªçã«æ¥µããŠçãå®å¹åž¯åå¹ ãå®çŸããŸãã
- åäœåçïŒ äœçžæææ€åºãšããŠç¥ããããã®æè¡ã¯ãå ¥åä¿¡å·ãšå šãåãåšæ³¢æ°ã®åç §ä¿¡å·ãä¹ç®ããããšã§æ©èœããŸãããã®ä¹ç®ã®åŸãç®çã®ä¿¡å·ã¯DCïŒãŒãåšæ³¢æ°ïŒå€ã«å€æãããä»ã®åšæ³¢æ°ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãã€ãºæåã¯é«åšæ³¢ã®ACä¿¡å·ã«ãªããŸãããã®åŸãåçŽãªããŒãã¹ãã£ã«ã¿ãŒããã¹ãŠã®ACãã€ãºãé€å»ããç®çã®ã¯ãªãŒã³ãªDCä¿¡å·ã ããæ®ããŸãããã®å€§ããã¯å ã®ä¿¡å·ã®æ¯å¹ ã«æ¯äŸããŸãã
- äžççãªå¿çšäŸïŒ
- ç§åŠç ç©¶ïŒ ãã€ãã®ããã¯ã¹ã»ãã©ã³ã¯ç ç©¶æããæ¥æ¬ã®çååŠç ç©¶æïŒRIKENïŒãŸã§ãäžçäžã®ç©çåŠãææç§åŠã®ç 究宀ã§ãéåãã³ãã«å¹æã埮现ãªå åŠçç¹æ§ãªã©ã®çŸè±¡ã枬å®ããããã«åºã䜿çšãããŠããŸãã
- éç Žå£æ€æ»ïŒ ç£æ¥åéã§ã¯ãããã¯ã€ã³ãµãŒã¢ã°ã©ãã£ãèªç©ºå®å®éšåã®è¡šé¢äžã®æ¬ é¥ãæ€åºããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã
çç©åŠçä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ïŒçåœã®æå·ãèªã
çç©åŠãå»åŠã«ãããŠãä¿¡å·ã¯é»æµã§ã¯ãªãç¹å®ã®ååã®æ¿åºŠã§ããããã§ã®å¢å¹ ãšã¯ãæšçååã®å€æ°ã®ã³ããŒãçæããããšããŸãã¯åäžã®çµåã€ãã³ããã匷åã§æž¬å®å¯èœãªåºåãçã¿åºãã«ã¹ã±ãŒãåå¿ãäœãåºãããšãæå³ããŸãã
ããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒé£éåå¿ïŒPCRïŒïŒDNAã®ã³ããŒæ©
ããããæãæåãªçç©åŠçå¢å¹ æè¡ã§ããPCRã¯ãååçç©åŠã«é©åœããããããŸãããããã«ãããç§åŠè ã¯åŸ®éã§æ€åºäžå¯èœãªç¹å®ã®DNAé åãææ°é¢æ°çã«å¢å¹ ãããããæ°æéã§æ°çŸäžããæ°ååã®ã³ããŒãäœæããããšãã§ããŸãã
- ä»çµã¿ïŒ PCRã¯äžé£ã®æž©åºŠãµã€ã¯ã«ãå«ã¿ãŸããåãµã€ã¯ã«ã§ãäºæ¬éDNAã¯äžæ¬éã«ç±å€æ§ïŒåé¢ïŒãããçãDNAãã©ã€ããŒãæšçé åã«çµåããDNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãšåŒã°ããç¹æ®ãªé µçŽ ãæ°ããçžè£éãåæããŸããåãµã€ã¯ã«ã§ã³ããŒæ°ã2åã«ãªããããããã¯ææ°é¢æ°çãªå¢æ®ïŒ2ã4ã8ã16ã...ïŒã«ã€ãªãããŸãã
- äžççãªåœ±é¿ïŒ
- å»ç蚺æïŒ COVID-19ã®ãã³ãããã¯ã¯ããŠã€ã«ã¹RNAãæ€åºããããã®ãŽãŒã«ãã¹ã¿ã³ããŒããšããŠãPCRïŒå ·äœçã«ã¯RT-qPCRãšåŒã°ããå€çš®ïŒã®äžççãªéèŠæ§ãæµ®ã圫ãã«ããŸãããHIVããã€ã³ãã«ãšã³ã¶ãŸã§ãææçã®èšºæã«äžçäžã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
- æ³ç§åŠïŒ ç¯çœªçŸå Žã®ææ»å®ã¯ãé«ªã®æ¯ãè¡æ¶²ãã埮éã®DNAãµã³ãã«ãå¢å¹ ãã容çè ãç¹å®ããããã®DNAãããã¡ã€ã«ãçæããããšãã§ããŸãã
- éºäŒåç ç©¶ïŒ PCRã¯éºäŒåã®ã¯ããŒãã³ã°ãã·ãŒã±ã³ã·ã³ã°ãéºäŒåçºçŸã®ç ç©¶ãå¯èœã«ããäžçäžã®ã²ããã¯ã¹ç ç©¶ã®åºç€ã圢æããŠããŸãã
é µçŽ çµåå ç«åžçæž¬å®æ³ïŒELISAïŒïŒè§Šåªã®å
ELISAã¯ãæ¶²äœãµã³ãã«äžã®ãªã¬ã³ãïŒäžè¬çã«ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãæåïŒã®ååšãæ€åºããããã«åºã䜿çšãããå ç«åŠçã¢ãã»ã€ã§ããããã¯é µçŽ åå¿ãéããŠå¢å¹ ãéæããŸãã
- ä»çµã¿ïŒ æšçååã«ç¹ç°çãªæäœã衚é¢ã«åºå®ããŸãããµã³ãã«ãå ããããæšçååãæäœã«çµåããŸããæ¬¡ã«ãé µçŽ ã«ååŠçã«çµåãã第äºã®æäœãå ããããŸãããã®ç¬¬äºã®æäœãæšçã«çµåããŸããæåŸã«ãé µçŽ ãè²ã®å€åãèå ããŸãã¯ååŠçºå ãªã©ã®æ€åºå¯èœãªä¿¡å·ã«å€æã§ããåºè³ªãå ããããŸããäžã€ã®é µçŽ ååãäœåãã®åºè³ªååã®å€æãè§Šåªããããšãã§ãããããåæã®çµåã€ãã³ããå€§å¹ ã«å¢å¹ ãããŸãã
- äžççãªå¿çšäŸïŒ
- å»çæ€æ»ïŒ å®¶åºçšåŠå𠿀æ»è¬ïŒhCGãã«ã¢ã³ã®æ€åºïŒãããç®è¡ãããè¡æ¶²ã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹æåã¹ã¯ãªãŒãã³ã°ãŸã§ããããããã®ã«äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
- é£åå®å šïŒ äžçäžã®èŠå¶æ©é¢ãé£åäŒç€ŸããããŒããããã°ã«ãã³ãªã©ã®ã¢ã¬ã«ã²ã³ããçŽ°èæ¯çŽ ãªã©ã®æ±æç©è³ªãæ€åºããããã«äœ¿çšããŠããŸãã
å åŠçããã³ååŠçä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ïŒåŸ®ããªäºè±¡ããå ãçã¿åºã
å€ãã®åéã§ãä¿¡å·ã¯éåžžã«å°æ°ã®å åïŒå ã®ç²åïŒãäœåçã®ååŠåå¿ã§ãããã®æèã§ã®å¢å¹ ãšã¯ããããã®åŸ®ããªäºè±¡ããé å¥ã§æž¬å®å¯èœãªä¿¡å·ãå€ãã¯é»æµãããæããçºå ã«å€æããããšãæå³ããŸãã
å é»åå¢å管ïŒPMTïŒïŒåäžå åã®æ€åº
å é»åå¢å管ã¯ã玫å€ç·ãå¯èŠå ç·ãããã³è¿èµ€å€ç·é åã®å ãæ€åºãããä¿¡ããããªãã»ã©é«æåºŠãªæ€åºåšã§ããããã¯ãåäžã®å åãç»é²ãããããæž¬å®å¯èœãªé»åã®ãã«ã¹ã«å€æã§ããç空管ã§ãã
- ä»çµã¿ïŒ å åãå é»é°æ¥µã«è¡çªããå é»å¹æã«ãã£ãŠé»åãæŸåºãããŸãããã®åäžã®é»åã¯ãé»å Žã«ãã£ãŠãã€ããŒããšåŒã°ããäžé£ã®é»æ¥µã«åãã£ãŠå éãããŸããé»åããã€ããŒãã«è¡çªãããã³ã«ãããã«æ°åã®é»åãæŸåºããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ã10ãã12段ã®ãã€ããŒãã®ã«ã¹ã±ãŒããéããŠç¹°ãè¿ãããçµæãšããŠå€§èŠæš¡ãªå¢å¹ ãèµ·ããã1ã€ã®åæé»åãæçµçã«1ååã®é»åã®ãã«ã¹ãçæããããšãã§ããŸãã
- äžççãªå¿çšäŸïŒ
- çŽ ç²åç©çåŠïŒ æ¥æ¬ã®ã¹ãŒããŒã«ããªã«ã³ãã忥µã®ã¢ã€ã¹ãã¥ãŒãã®ãããªå·šå€§ãªãã¥ãŒããªãæ€åºåšã§ã¯ããã¥ãŒããªãçžäºäœçšã«ãã£ãŠçæããã埮ããªãã§ã¬ã³ã³ãæŸå°ã®éå ãæ€åºããããã«ãPMTã®å·šå€§ãªã¢ã¬ã€ã䜿çšãããŠããŸãã
- å»çç»åïŒ éœé»åæŸåºæå±€æ®åœ±ïŒPETïŒã¹ãã£ããŒã¯ãã¹ãã£ã³äžã«çæãããã¬ã³ãç·ãæ€åºããããã«PMTã䜿çšããèåšãçµç¹ã®æ©èœçã€ã¡ãŒãžã³ã°ãå¯èœã«ããŸãã
- 倩æåŠïŒ æ°å幎ã«ããããPMTã¯æé é¡ã§ææãä»ã®å€©äœã®æãããé«ç²ŸåºŠã§æž¬å®ããæž¬å ã®ããã®äž»èŠãªæ€åºåšã§ããã
ã¢ãã©ã³ã·ã§ãã©ããã€ãªãŒãïŒAPDïŒ
APDã¯PMTã®åºäœç䟡ç©ã§ãããããã¯ã¢ãã©ã³ã·ã§å¢åãšåŒã°ããããã»ã¹ãéããŠå éšã²ã€ã³ãæäŸããåå°äœå æ€åºåšã§ããã²ã€ã³ã¯éåžžPMTããäœãã§ãããããå°åã§é äžã§ãããããäœãåäœé»å§ãå¿ èŠãšããŸãã
- ä»çµã¿ïŒ åå°äœå ã§åžåãããå åã¯ãé»åæ£å察ãçæããŸããé«ãéãã€ã¢ã¹é»å§ããããã®é»è·ãã£ãªã¢ãå éãããè¡çªé»é¢ã«ãã£ãŠãããªãé»åæ£å察ãçæããã®ã«ååãªãšãã«ã®ãŒãåŸãããŸããããã«ããã¢ãã©ã³ã·ã§å¹æãçãŸãã10ãã1000ã®å éšã²ã€ã³ã«ã€ãªãããŸãã
- äžççãªå¿çšäŸïŒ
- å ãã¡ã€ããŒéä¿¡ïŒ APDã¯é·è·é¢å ãã¡ã€ããŒãªã³ã¯ã®åä¿¡æ©ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããæµ·ã倧éžãè¶ããŠããŒã¿ãéã¶åŸ®åŒ±ãªå ãã«ã¹ãæ€åºããŸãã
- LiDARã·ã¹ãã ïŒ èªåé転è»ããããŒã³ãå°ç調æ»ã®ããã®LiDARïŒå æ€åºæž¬è·ïŒã¯ãç°å¢ããããã³ã°ããããã«äœ¿çšããã匱ãåå°ã¬ãŒã¶ãŒãã«ã¹ãæ€åºããããã«APDã«äŸåããŠããŸããããã¯ç±³åœããã€ããäžåœã®äŒæ¥ã«ãã£ãŠæšé²ãããŠããæè¡ã§ãã
é©åãªå¢å¹ æè¡ã®éžæïŒå®è·µçãªãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯
ããã»ã©å€æ§ãªæè¡ãããäžã§ãé©åãªãã®ãéžæããã®ã¯å°é£ãªå ŽåããããŸããéžæã¯ã解決ããããšããŠããç¹å®ã®åé¡ã«å®å šã«äŸåããŸããããã§ã¯ãããããå°éçãªæèã§é©çšå¯èœãªæææ±ºå®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã圢æãããèæ ®ãã¹ãéèŠãªèŠçŽ ã瀺ããŸãã
- 1. ä¿¡å·ã®æ§è³ªïŒäœã枬å®ããããšããŠããŸããïŒ
- 黿°çïŒé»å§/黿µïŒïŒ éžæè¢ã¯é»åå·¥åŠã®é åã«ãªããŸãããªãã¢ã³ãã¯åªããæ±çšçãªéžæè¢ã§ããæ¥µç«¯ã«ãã€ãºã®å€ãç°å¢ã§ã¯ãããã¯ã€ã³ã¢ã³ããåªããŠããŸãã
- çç©åŠçïŒDNA/ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªïŒïŒ çååŠçãªææ³ãå¿ èŠã§ããæ žé žã«ã¯PCRãæšæºã§ããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãæåã«ã¯ELISAãçæ³çã§ãã
- å åŠçïŒå åïŒïŒ ç©¶æ¥µã®æåºŠïŒåäžå åïŒã«ã¯ãPMTãå€å žçãªéžæã§ããã³ã³ãã¯ããªãœãªããã¹ããŒããœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå¿ èŠãªçšéã§ã¯ãAPDããã°ãã°å¥œãŸããŸãã
- 2. å¿
èŠãªã²ã€ã³ïŒã©ããããã®å¢å¹
ãå¿
èŠã§ããïŒ
- äœïœäžçšåºŠã®ã²ã€ã³ïŒ1ïœ1,000ïŒïŒ åçŽãªãã©ã³ãžã¹ã¿ããªãã¢ã³ãåè·¯ã§ååã§ãã
- é«ã²ã€ã³ïŒ1,000ïœ1,000,000+ïŒïŒ ã«ã¹ã±ãŒãæ¥ç¶ããããªãã¢ã³ããPMTããŸãã¯PCRã®ãããªçç©åŠçææ³ãå¿ èŠã§ããPCRã¯å¯èœãªéãæé«ã®ã²ã€ã³ãæäŸããåäžååãæ°ååã®ã³ããŒã«å€ããŸãã
- 3. ä¿¡å·å¯Ÿé鳿¯ïŒSNRïŒãšç°å¢ïŒä¿¡å·ã®ãã€ãºã¯ã©ã®çšåºŠã§ããïŒ
- é«SNRïŒã¯ãªãŒã³ãªä¿¡å·ïŒïŒ ãªãã¢ã³ãã®ãããªåçŽãªå¢å¹ åšãããŸãæ©èœããŸãã
- 極äœSNRïŒãã€ãºã«åãããä¿¡å·ïŒïŒ ããã¯ãåšæä¿¡å·ã«å¯Ÿããããã¯ã€ã³ã¢ã³ãããæšçã®ã¿ãéžæçã«å¢å¹ ããå®è³ªçã«ãã€ãºïŒéæšçååïŒãç¡èŠããPCRã®ãããªæè¡ã®é åã§ãã
- 4. é床ãšåž¯åå¹
ïŒä¿¡å·ã®å€åã¯ã©ããããéãã§ããïŒ
- é«éïŒMHzïœGHzïŒïŒ ç¹æ®ãªRFé»åå¢å¹ åšãAPDã®ãããªé«éå æ€åºåšãå¿ èŠã§ããPCRãELISAã®ãããªçç©åŠçææ³ã¯æ¬è³ªçã«é ãïŒæ°åããæ°æéïŒã§ãã
- äœéïŒDCïœkHzïŒïŒ ã»ãšãã©ã®ãªãã¢ã³ããããã¯ã€ã³ã¢ã³ããèšè£ ã¢ã³ãããã®ç¯å²ã«é©ããŠããŸãã
- 5. ã³ã¹ããè€éããããã³ã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ïŒå®è·µçãªå¶çŽã¯äœã§ããïŒ
- äœã³ã¹ãïŒã·ã³ãã«ïŒ åºæ¬çãªãªãã¢ã³ãåè·¯ã¯å®äŸ¡ã§å®è£ ã容æã§ãã
- äžçšåºŠã®ã³ã¹ãïŒè€éãïŒ ELISAãqPCRã·ã¹ãã ã¯å°éã®è©Šè¬ãæ©åšãå¿ èŠãšããŸãããå€ãã®ç ç©¶å®€ã§æšæºçã§ãã
- é«ã³ã¹ãïŒè€éïŒ ããã¯ã€ã³ã¢ã³ããPMTããŒã¹ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãæ£ããæäœããããã«å°éç¥èãå¿ èŠãšããéèŠãªæ©åšæè³ã§ãã
çµè«ïŒå¢å¹ ã®æªæ¥
ä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ã¯åäžã®æè¡ã§ã¯ãªããå¯èœæ§ã®éçãæŒãåºããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªã倿§ã§åŒ·åãªããŒã«ããã¯ã¹ã§ããç§ãã¡ã®éä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®é»åçãªå¿èéšãããçŸä»£å»çãæ¯ããçååŠåå¿ãŸã§ããããã®æè¡ã¯ç§ãã¡ãå®å®ãç§ãã¡ã®èº«äœããããŠç§ãã¡ã®æè¡ã®ããããã«è³ãåŸããããšãå¯èœã«ããŸããç§ãã¡ã¯ãå°ããªä¿¡å·ã倧ãããããšããåçŽãªæŠå¿µããç©çåŠãååŠãçç©åŠã®æŽç·ŽãããåçãéããŠã©ã®ããã«å®çŸãããããèŠãŠããŸããã
æè¡é©æ°ã¯æ±ºããŠçµãããŸãããä¿¡å·å¢å¹ ã®æªæ¥ã¯ããããªãæåºŠãšç²ŸåºŠãçŽæããŸããç§ãã¡ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªæä»£ã«çªå ¥ããŠããŸãã
- éåå¢å¹ ïŒ ç ç©¶è ãã¡ã¯ãéåååŠã®å¥åŠãªæ³åãå©çšããŠã枬å®ã®åºæ¬éçã«è¿ã¥ããå¯èœãªéãæå°éã®ãã€ãºããå ããªãå¢å¹ åšãæ§ç¯ããŠããŸãã
- AIé§åã®ä¿¡å·åŠçïŒ æ©æ¢°åŠç¿ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãå¢å¹ ã·ã¹ãã ã«çµ±åãããè€éãªãã€ãºãã¿ãŒã³ãã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ãã«ãã£ã«ã¿ãªã³ã°ããåŸæ¥ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯äžå¯èœãªæ¹æ³ã§ä¿¡å·ãåæ§ç¯ããŠããŸãã
- å°ååãšéç©åïŒ ãã匷åãªIoTããã€ã¹ããŠã§ã¢ã©ãã«å¥åº·ã¢ãã¿ãŒããã€ã³ããªãã±ã¢èšºæãžã®èŠæ±ããåäžãããäžã®è¶ äœé»åã§é«åºŠã«éç©ãããå¢å¹ ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºãæšé²ããŠããŸãã
åºå€§ãªå®å®ããåäžçްèã®è€éãªæ©æ§ãŸã§ãç§ãã¡ãäžçãæ¢æ±ãç¶ããäžã§ãæã埮ããªä¿¡å·ãæ€åºãè§£éããèœåã¯ãåŒãç¶ãæéèŠã§ããç¶ããã§ããããä¿¡å·å¢å¹ æè¡ã®ç¶ç¶çãªé²åã¯ã次ã®ç§åŠççºèŠãšæè¡çãã¬ãŒã¯ã¹ã«ãŒã®æ³¢ã®äž»èŠãªåååãšãªããçã«ç®ã«èŠããªããã®ã¯äœããªããªãæªæ¥ãåµé ããã§ãããã