倿§ãªããŒãºãšèæ¯ãæã€åœéçãªèªè ã«åããŠãä»å©ç¬èšç·Žã®åºæ¬ååãå æ¬çã«è§£èª¬ããŸãã
äžçäžã®äººã ã«åããŠãä»å©ç¬ã®èšç·Žã®åºæ¬ãçè§£ãã
ä»å©ç¬ã¯ãé害ãæã€äººã ã«ãšã£ãŠããããã®ãªãæ¯æŽãæäŸãããé©ãã¹ãããŒãããŒã§ãããã®èšç·Žã¯å³æ Œã§å°éçãªããã»ã¹ã§ãããå¿èãäžè²«æ§ããããŠç¬ã®è¡åã«å¯Ÿããæ·±ãçè§£ãæ±ããããŸãããã®ã¬ã€ãã¯ãä»å©ç¬èšç·Žã®åºæ¬çãªåŽé¢ããããããã解説ãã倿§ãªæåçèŠç¹ãšè£å©åç©ãåãå·»ãæ³çæ çµã¿ãæã€äžçäžã®èªè ã«é¢é£ããæŽå¯ãæäŸããããšãç®çãšããŠããŸãã
ä»å©ç¬ãšã¯ïŒã°ããŒãã«ãªåœ¹å²ã®å®çŸ©
èšç·Žã«å ¥ãåã«ãäœãä»å©ç¬ãæ§æããã®ããçè§£ããããšãéèŠã§ããäžè¬çã«ãä»å©ç¬ã¯ã人ã®é害ã軜æžããç¹å®ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®è¡ããããã«èšç·ŽãããŠããŸããããã¯ãã¿ã¹ã¯åºæã®èšç·Žãå¿ èŠãšããªããšã¢ãŒã·ã§ãã«ãµããŒãã¢ããã«ãã»ã©ããŒã¢ããã«ãšã¯ç°ãªããŸããä»å©ç¬ã®å®çŸ©ãšæ³çèªèã¯ãåœã«ãã£ãŠå€§ããç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸããããšãã°ãç±³åœã§ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«éå®³è æ³ïŒADAïŒã¯ãä»å©åç©ããé害ã®ããå人ã®ããã«äœæ¥ãŸãã¯ã¿ã¹ã¯ãè¡ãããã«åå¥ã«èšç·Žãããç¬ãšå®çŸ©ããŠããŸããä»ã®å°åã§ã¯ãçšèªãç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸãããé害é¢é£ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãæ¯æŽããããã«èšç·Žãããç¬ãšããã³ã¢ååã¯äžè²«ããŠããŸãã
ä»å©ç¬ã®èšç·Žãæ±ããŠããããŸãã¯é¢ãã£ãŠããå人ã¯ãèªåœãŸãã¯å°åå ã®ç¹å®ã®èŠå¶ãšå®çŸ©ãèªèããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããããã¯ãã©ã®çš®é¡ã®ç¬ãèªèãããããèšç·Žåºæºãããã³å ¬å ±ã®å Žã§ãã³ãã©ãŒã«äžããããæš©å©ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ä»å©ç¬èšç·Žã®ã³ã¢åå
ä»å©ç¬ã®èšç·Žã¯ãåºæ¬çãªæåŸã瀟äŒåãããã³å°éçãªã¿ã¹ã¯èšç·Žã®åŒ·åãªåºç€ã®äžã«æ§ç¯ãããŠããŸãããããã®æ±ã¯ãç¬ãä¿¡é Œã§ããè¡åãè¯ãã广çãªããŒãããŒã§ããããšãä¿èšŒããŸãã
1. åºç€çãªæåŸïŒä¿¡é Œæ§ã®åºç€
åªããæåŸã¯ãä»å©ç¬ã«ãšã£ãŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããããã¯ãåºæ¬çãªããããããããåŸ ãŠããè¶ ããŠããŸããä»å©ç¬ã¯ä»¥äžã瀺ãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
- å®ç§ãªåŒã³æ»ãïŒ æ°ãæ£ã£ãŠããŠããåŒã°ãããšãã«æ¥ãèœåã
- ç·©ããªãŒãã§ã®æ£æ©ïŒ ç°å¢ã«é¢ä¿ãªããåŒã£åŒµããã«ãã³ãã©ãŒã®æšªãç©ããã«æ©ãã
- ãããããåŸ ãŠãäŒããæ¥ãïŒ ããŸããŸãªç¶æ³ãæéã§ãããã®ã³ãã³ãã確å®ã«å®è¡ããã
- é¢ããŠïŒ èœã¡ãé£ã¹ç©ãé åçãªç©ãªã©ãæ°ãæ£ãããã®ãç¡èŠããèœåã
- å Žæã®æç€ºïŒ æå®ãããå ŽæïŒäŸïŒããããŸãã¯ããŒãã«ã®äžïŒã«è¡ããè§£æŸããããŸã§ããã«çãŸãèœåã
ãã®ã¬ãã«ã®æåŸãéæããã«ã¯ãäžè²«ããããžãã£ããªåŒ·åèšç·Žæ¹æ³ãå¿ èŠã§ããããžãã£ããªåŒ·åãšã¯ãæãŸããè¡åã«å ±é ¬ãäžããããããç¹°ãè¿ãããå¯èœæ§ãé«ããããšã§ããããã«ã¯ãããã€ãè€ãèšèãããã¡ãããŸãã¯ç¬ã䟡å€ããããšèŠãªããã®ä»ã®åæ©ä»ããå«ãŸããŸãã
2. 瀟äŒåïŒèªä¿¡ãæã£ãŠäžçãããã²ãŒããã
é©åãªç€ŸäŒåã¯ãä»å©ç¬ãå¹ åºãå ¬å ±ã®å Žã§å¿«é©ã§ãè¡åãè¯ãããã«ããããã«éèŠã§ããããã«ã¯ãé©åãªå¹Žéœ¢ãšããŒã¹ã§ãç¬ã以äžã«ãããããšãå«ãŸããŸãã
- 倿§ãªç°å¢ïŒ è³ãããªéããéããªå³æžé€šãè³ãããªåžå Žãå ¬å ±äº€éæ©é¢ãããŸããŸãªèŒžéææ®µïŒäŸïŒãã¹ãé»è»ãé£è¡æ©ïŒã
- ããŸããŸãªé³ïŒ 倧ããªé³ãã¢ã©ãŒã ã亀éã矀è¡ã鳿¥œã
- ããŸããŸãªäººã ïŒ ããŸããŸãªå¹Žéœ¢ãæ°æãèœåã®äººã ãããã³ããŸããŸãªæè£ ïŒäŸïŒåžœåãå¶æïŒãçãŠãã人ã ã
- ä»ã®åç©ïŒ ä»ã®ç¬ãããã³é©åãªå Žåã¯ä»ã®åç©ãžã®å¶åŸ¡ããã玹ä»ã
ç®æšã¯ãæããããåå¿ãããããã®ã§ã¯ãªããèœã¡çããŠãèªä¿¡ããããæ°ããçµéšã«é©å¿ã§ããç¬ãäœãããšã§ãã瀟äŒåã¯ãç¬ããããã®æ°ããåºæ¿ãšè¯å®çãªé¢é£ä»ããæã£ãŠããããšã確èªãããè¯å®çã§æ®µéçãªããã»ã¹ã§ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
3. ã¿ã¹ã¯èšç·ŽïŒãµãŒãã¹ã®å¿
ããã¯ãä»å©ç¬ããã®ç¹æ®ãªèœåãçºæ®ããå Žæã§ããä»å©ç¬ãè¡ãã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ããã³ãã©ãŒã®ç¹å®ã®ããŒãºã«åãããŠèª¿æŽãããŠããŸããäžè¬çãªã¿ã¹ã¯ã®ã«ããŽãªã«ã¯ã次ã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãã
- ã¢ããªãã£ãµããŒãïŒ èœã¡ãã¢ã€ãã ã®ååããã¢ã®éæŸããã©ã³ã¹ãšå®å®æ§ã®æäŸãç§»åã®æ¯æŽã
- å»çã¢ã©ãŒãïŒ å·®ãè¿«ã£ãçºäœãè¡ç³å€ã®å€åïŒç³å°¿ç ã®å ŽåïŒããŸãã¯åŽ©å£åã®çç¶ãªã©ããã³ãã©ãŒã®ççç¶æ ã®å€åãèŠåããã
- 粟ç¥çãµããŒãïŒ èªå·è¡çºã®äžæãæ·±éšå§è¿«çæ³ãèŠåœèé害ã®ãããã³ãã©ãŒã®èªå°ãæ··éããå Žæã§ã®ç·©è¡æã®äœæã
- èŽèŠæ¯æŽïŒ ãã¢ãã«ãã¢ã©ãŒã ããŸãã¯åäŸã®æ³£ã声ãªã©ã®ç¹å®ã®é³ãèŠåããã
- èŠèŠæ¯æŽïŒ é害ç©ã®åšãã®ãã³ãã©ãŒã®èªå°ãè€éãªç°å¢ã®ããã²ãŒãã
ã¿ã¹ã¯èšç·Žã¯é«åºŠã«åå¥åãããŠããŸããè€éãªè¡åãããå°ããã管çããããã¹ãããã«åå²ããæåããè¿äŒŒããšã«å ±é ¬ãäžããããšãå«ãŸããŸããããšãã°ãç¬ã«èœã¡ãã¢ã€ãã ãååããããã«èšç·Žããã«ã¯ãã¢ã€ãã ã®èå¥ãæŸãäžãããã³ãã©ãŒãžã®æã¡èŸŒã¿ãªã©ã®ã¹ããããå«ãŸããå ŽåããããŸãã
ãã³ãã©ãŒãšç¬ã®çµã®éèŠæ§
ãã³ãã©ãŒãšä»å©ç¬ã®éã®åŒ·åºã§ä¿¡é Œã§ããçµã¯ãæãéèŠã§ããèšç·Žã¯åžžã«ãã®é¢ä¿ãè²ãå¿ èŠããããŸããããžãã£ããªåŒ·åæ¹æ³ã¯ãçžäºçè§£ãšå ±é ¬ã«åºã¥ããŠãããããæ¬è³ªçã«ãã®çµã匷åããŸãããã³ãã©ãŒã¯ãç¬ã®ããã£ãŒã©ã³ã²ãŒãžãèªã¿ãããŒãºãçè§£ããäžè²«æ§ã®ããå ¬æ£ãªã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ãæäŸããããšãåŠã¶å¿ èŠããããŸãã
ãã®çµã¯ãå€ãã®å Žåã以äžãéããŠæ§ç¯ãããŸãã
- 質ã®é«ãæéïŒ éã³ãã°ã«ãŒãã³ã°ãäžè¬çãªäº€æµãè¡ãã
- æç¢ºãªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ïŒ äžè²«ããåå³ãšè¯å®çãªãã£ãŒãããã¯ã䜿çšããã
- å°æ¬ïŒ ç¬ã®éçãçè§£ããèœåãè¶ ããŠããã·ã¥ããªãã
- çžäºä¿¡é ŒïŒ ç¬ã¯ãã³ãã©ãŒããªãŒãããæäŸããããšãä¿¡é Œãããã³ãã©ãŒã¯ç¬ã®èœåãšã³ãããã¡ã³ããä¿¡é Œããã
ä»å©ç¬èšç·Žã«ãããå«ççé æ ®
å«ççãªèšç·Žæ¹æ³ã¯ãç¬ã®çŠç¥ãšããŒãããŒã·ããã®æå¹æ§ã確ä¿ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããããã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- ããžãã£ããªåŒ·åïŒ å ±é ¬ã«äŸåãã嫿ªçãŸãã¯çœ°ã«åºã¥ãæ¹æ³ãé¿ããããšãããã«ãããææãäžå®ãããã³æ»ææ§ãçããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- ç¬ã®çŠç¥ïŒ ç¬ã®èº«äœçããã³ç²Ÿç¥çå¥åº·ãåªå ãããããã¯ãååãªäŒæ¯ãé©åãªæ é€ã宿çãªç£å»ã±ã¢ãããã³éã³ãšãªã©ãã¯ã¹ã®æ©äŒãæäŸããããšãæå³ããŸãã
- ã¿ã¹ã¯ã®é©åæ§ïŒ ç¬ãèšç·ŽãããŠããã¿ã¹ã¯ããç¬ã®åçš®ã身äœèœåãããã³æ°è³ªã«ãšã£ãŠå®å šã§é©åã§ããããšã確èªããã
- éææ§ïŒ ç¬ã®èšç·Žç¶æ³ãšèœåã«ã€ããŠæ£çŽã§ããããšã
å€ãã®åœéæ©é¢ããã³å°éæ©é¢ããå«ççãªèšç·Žåºæºãæå±ããéµå®ããŠããŸãããã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ã®ã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãä¿¡é Œã§ããçµç¹ã«çžè«ããããšããå§ãããŸãã
å ¬å ±ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã¹ãã«ïŒçµ±åã®éµ
æåŸãšã¿ã¹ã¯èšç·Žã«å ããŠãä»å©ç¬ã¯åªããå ¬å ±ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããŒãæã£ãŠããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã¯ãæ··ä¹±ãåŒãèµ·ããããããªã¹ã¯ãããããããããããšãªãããã³ãã©ãŒãšäžç·ã«å ¬å ±ã®å Žæã«å ¥ãããšãã§ããããšãæå³ããŸããäž»èŠãªå ¬å ±ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã¹ãã«ã«ã¯ã次ã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãã
- å ¬å ±ã®å Žã§ã®èœã¡çãïŒ å ããããæ³£ãèšãèšã£ãããèŠç¥ãã¬äººã«æ³šæãåŒãããããªãã
- é©åãªè¡åïŒ ããŒãã«ã®äžã«çãŸããé£ã¹ç©ããã ããªããä»ã®åžžé£å®¢ãšäº€æµããªãã
- ç Žå£çãªè¡åãªãïŒ ãžã£ã³ããé床ã®éŒ»ã¥ãŸãããŸãã¯è¿·æè¡çºãé¿ããã
- è¡çïŒ æž æœã§æå ¥ããè¡ãå±ããŠããã
ä¿¡é Œã§ããå ¬å ±ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå®çŸããã«ã¯ãããŸããŸãªå ¬å ±ã®å Žã§äžè²«ããç·Žç¿ãè¡ããæãŸããèœã¡çããç®ç«ããªãè¡åã匷åããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã³ãã©ãŒã¯ãããããã®å°åã«ãããå ¬å ±ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æš©ãšè²¬ä»»ãèªèããéµå®ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
ãã³ãã©ãŒãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ïŒåæ¹åã®é
ä»å©ç¬ã®èšç·Žã¯ç¬ã ãã«é¢ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããããã³ãã©ãŒã®èšç·ŽãéèŠã§ãããã³ãã©ãŒã¯ä»¥äžãåŠã¶å¿ èŠããããŸãã
- 广çãªåå³ïŒ ã³ãã³ããæç¢ºãã€äžè²«ããŠäžããæ¹æ³ã
- ç¬ã®ããã£ãŒã©ã³ã²ãŒãžã®èªã¿åãïŒ ç¬ã®ã¹ãã¬ã¹ãç²åŽããŸãã¯äžå¿«æã®å åãçè§£ããã
- ããŒãããŒã·ããã®ç®¡çïŒ å®¿æ³æœèšãæ±ããã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãå ¬å ±ã®å Žã§ã®å¯Ÿå¿æ¹æ³ãããã³ç¬ã®èšç·Žã®ç¶ææ¹æ³ãç¥ã£ãŠããã
- ã¢ããã«ã·ãŒïŒ ä»å©ç¬ãã³ãã©ãŒãšããŠã®æš©å©ãšè²¬ä»»ãçè§£ããã
ä»å©ç¬ãèšç·ŽããŠé 眮ããå€ãã®çµç¹ã¯ãå æ¬çãªãã³ãã©ãŒãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ããã°ã©ã ãæäŸããŠããŸããä»å©ç¬ãèªåã§èšç·ŽããŠããå Žåã¯ãçµéšè±å¯ãªå°éå®¶ããã®æå°ãåããããšã匷ããå§ãããŸãã
ããŸããŸãªãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ãã¹ãæ€èšãã
èšç·Žãããä»å©ç¬ãå ¥æããã«ã¯ãããã€ãã®æ¹æ³ããããŸãã
- ããã°ã©ã ã§èšç·Žãããç¬ïŒ çµç¹ã¯ç¬ãèšç·Žãã驿 Œãªå人ã«é 眮ããŸãããããã®ããã°ã©ã ã«ã¯ãå€ãã®å Žåãé çªåŸ ã¡ãªã¹ããšå³æ Œãªç³è«ããã»ã¹ããããŸãã
- ãªãŒããŒèšç·Žç¬ïŒ å人ãèªåã®ç¬ãèšç·ŽããŸããããã«ã¯ãå€å€§ãªã³ãããã¡ã³ããæéãããã³å€ãã®å Žåãå°éå®¶ã®æå°ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- ãã€ããªããã¢ãããŒãïŒ äžéšã®çµç¹ã¯ãç¬ãšãã³ãã©ãŒã®ããŒã ãšããŠéäžçãªãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ãæäŸããå ŽåããããŸãã
æè¯ã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ãå人ã®ç¶æ³ãå©çšå¯èœãªãªãœãŒã¹ãããã³é害ã®ç¹å®ã®ããŒãºã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸããéžæãããã¹ã«é¢ä¿ãªããå«ççã§å¹æçãªèšç·Žã®åºæ¬ååã¯å€ãããŸããã
ã°ããŒãã«ãªããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãšèæ ®äºé
ä»å©ç¬ã®èªèãšèšç·Žã®äžççãªæ§è³ªãç¹°ãè¿ãããšãéèŠã§ããã³ã¢ååã¯æ®éçã§ãããç¹å®ã®æ³åŸãæåèŠç¯ãæ £è¡ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- æ³çæ çµã¿ïŒ åè¿°ã®ããã«ãä»å©ç¬ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãšå®çŸ©ã«é¢ããæ³åŸã¯å€§ããç°ãªããŸããããšãã°ãäžéšã®åœã§ã¯ç¹å®ã®èªå®ãŸãã¯ç»é²èŠä»¶ãããå ŽåããããŸãããä»ã®åœã§ã¯éå®³æ¯æŽã®ããåºç¯ãªçè§£ã«äŸåããŠããŸãã
- ç¬ã«å¯ŸããæåçèªèïŒ äžéšã®æåã§ã¯ãç¬ã¯äž»ã«ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã¢ããã«ãŸãã¯ããããšããŠèŠãªãããŸãããä»ã®æåã§ã¯ãè¡çç¶æ ãæªãããŸãã¯å ¬å ±ç掻ãžã®çµ±åãå°ãªããšèŠãªãããå ŽåããããŸããããã¯ãäžè¬ã®åãå ¥ããšå ¬å ±ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®å®¹æãã«åœ±é¿ãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- åçš®å¶éïŒ ç¹å®ã®åœãŸãã¯å°åã§ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ç¬çš®ã«å¶éãŸãã¯çŠæ¢ãããå Žåããããä»å©ç¬ã®éžæã«åœ±é¿ãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- ãªãœãŒã¹ã®å¯çšæ§ïŒ å°éãã¬ãŒããŒãç£å»ã±ã¢ãããã³ç¹æ®ãªæ©åšãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã¯ãå°åã«ãã£ãŠå€§ããç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã
åœéçã«æŽ»åããŠããå人ããŸãã¯ããŸããŸãªåœã®äººã ãšäº€æµããŠããå人ã«ãšã£ãŠããããã®ããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãçè§£ããããšã¯ãçžäºå°éãšå¹æçãªã³ã©ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãä¿é²ããããã«éèŠã§ãã
çµè«ïŒä¿¡é Œãšèšç·Žã«åºã¥ããŠæ§ç¯ãããããŒãããŒã·ãã
ä»å©ç¬ã®èšç·Žã¯ã人çãå€ããããŒãããŒã·ããã«ã€ãªããæ·±å»ãªåãçµã¿ã§ããå«ççãªå®è·µã«åºã¥ãããç®èº«ãäžè²«æ§ããããŠç¬ã®è¡åã«å¯Ÿããæ·±ãçè§£ãå¿ èŠã§ããåºç€çãªæåŸãå ç¢ãªç€ŸäŒåãå°éçãªã¿ã¹ã¯èšç·Žã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠããã³ãã©ãŒãšç¬ã®åŒ·ãçµãè²ãããšã§ãå人ã¯éåžžã«å¹æçã§ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ãä»å©ç¬ããŒã ã®äœæã«åããŠåãçµãããšãã§ããŸããåžžã«ãèªåã®å°åå ãããã³ã°ããŒãã«ã³ãã¥ããã£ãšäº€æµãããšãã¯ãç¹å®ã®æ³çæ çµã¿ãšæåçé æ ®ã調æ»ããéµå®ããããšãå¿ããªãã§ãã ããã
ä»å©ç¬ã®èšç·Žã®æ ã¯ãçžäºåŠç¿ãšæé·ã®æ ã§ãããæçµçã«ã¯é害ãæã€äººã ãããèªç«ããå å®ããçæŽ»ãéããããã«ããŸãã