æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ãæ¢æ±ããç§åŠè ãéå»ã®æ°åãã©ã®ããã«åŸ©å ããããåŠã³ãçŸä»£ã®æ°åå€åãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ã«ãã®ç¥èããªãéèŠãªã®ããçè§£ããŸãããã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ãçè§£ããïŒå°çã®éå»ããæªæ¥ãžã®æ
æ°åå€åã¯ã仿¥ã人é¡ãçŽé¢ããŠããæãå·®ãè¿«ã£ã課é¡ã®1ã€ã§ããçŸåšã®æ°å屿©ã®ãã€ããçè§£ããå°æ¥ã®åœ±é¿ã广çã«äºæž¬ã»ç·©åããããã«ã¯ããŸããè±ãã§æ å ±ã«å¯ãã æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ã®äžçã«åãå ¥ãå¿ èŠããããŸãã倿°ååŠãšããŠç¥ããããã®åéã¯ãéå»ã®æ°åã埩å ããããšãå¯èœã«ããçŸåšãçè§£ããæç¶å¯èœãªæªæ¥ã®ããã®æŠç¥ã圢æããããã®è²ŽéãªæèãæäŸããŸãã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ïŒå€æ°ååŠïŒãšã¯ïŒ
倿°ååŠã¯éå»ã®æ°åãç ç©¶ããåŠåã§ããçŽæ¥çãªèšåšã«ããæž¬å®ãå©çšå¯èœã«ãªããã£ãšä»¥åã«ååšããæ°åæ¡ä»¶ã埩å ããããã«ãããŸããŸãªèªç¶ã®èšé²ãå©çšããŸãããããã®èšé²ã¯ãéå»ã®æ°æž©ãéæ°Žãã¿ãŒã³ã倧æ°çµæããã®ä»ã®æ°å倿°ã«é¢ããæããããæäŸããŸãããããã®ããŒã¿ãåæããããšã«ãããç§åŠè ã¯å°çã®æ°åãæéãšãšãã«ã©ã®ããã«å€åããŠããããææ¡ããèªç¶ãªãµã€ã¯ã«ãé·æçãªåŸåãããŸããŸãªèŠå ã®åœ±é¿ãç¹å®ããããšãã§ããŸãã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ãçè§£ããããšãéèŠãªçç±
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ãçè§£ããããšã¯ãããã€ãã®çç±ã§éèŠã§ãã
- çŸåšã®æ°åå€åãžã®æèæäŸïŒçŸåšã®æ°ååŸåãéå»ã®ãããšæ¯èŒããããšã«ãããæè¿ã®å€åãç°åžžãªã®ãããããšãåäŸã®ãªããã®ãªã®ãã倿ã§ããŸããããã«ãããèªç¶ãªæ°åå€åãšäººéã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ããããæ°åå€åãåºå¥ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
- æ°åã¢ãã«ã®ãã¹ãïŒæ°åã¢ãã«ã¯ãå°æ¥ã®æ°åã·ããªãªãäºæž¬ããããã®äžå¯æ¬ ãªããŒã«ã§ãã倿°åããŒã¿ã¯ããããã®ã¢ãã«ã®ç²ŸåºŠãšä¿¡é Œæ§ããã¹ãããããã®è²ŽéãªããŒã¿ãæäŸããŸããã¢ãã«ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãéå»ã®æ°åèšé²ãšæ¯èŒããããšã«ãããç§åŠè ã¯å°æ¥ã®æ°åå€åãäºæž¬ããã¢ãã«ã®èœåãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸãã
- èªç¶ãªæ°åå€åã®çè§£ïŒå°çã®æ°åã¯åžžã«èªç¶ã«å€åããŠããŸãããæ°·æãæž©ææãªã©ã®éå»ã®æ°åå€åãç ç©¶ããããšã¯ããããã®å€åã®åååãšãæ°åã·ã¹ãã ãããŸããŸãªèŠå ã«ã©ã®ããã«å¿çããããçè§£ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
- å°æ¥ã®æ°åå€åã®äºæž¬ïŒéå»ã®æ°åå€åãšãã®æ ¹æ¬åå ãåæããããšã«ãããå°æ¥ã®æ°åã·ããªãªã®å¯èœæ§ã«ã€ããŠã®æŽå¯ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãããã®ç¥èã¯ã广çãªç·©åããã³é©å¿æŠç¥ãéçºããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- æ¿ç決å®ãžã®æ å ±æäŸïŒæ°åå€åã®æŽå²ã¯ãæ°åå€åã«é¢é£ããæ å ±ã«åºã¥ããæ¿çæ±ºå®ã®ç§åŠçæ ¹æ ãæäŸããŸããããŸããŸãªæåºçµè·¯ã®æœåšçãªçµæãçè§£ããããšã«ãããæ¿çç«æ¡è ã¯èšŒæ ã«åºã¥ããæ±ºå®ãäžããŠæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æåºéãåæžããæ°åå€åãžã®å¯Ÿå¿åãé«ããããšãã§ããŸãã
éå»ã®æ°åã埩å ããæ¹æ³
Paleoclimatologists employ a range of techniques to reconstruct past climates, each relying on different types of natural archives. Some of the most common methods include:1. æ°·åºã³ã¢
æ°·åºã³ã¢ã¯ãæ°·æ²³ãæ°·åºããæåãããæ°·ã®åæ±ã§ãããããã®ã³ã¢ã«ã¯ãéå»ã®æ°æž©ã倧æ°çµæãéæ°Žãã¿ãŒã³ã«é¢ãã貎éãªæ å ±ãå«ãŸããŠããŸããæ°·ã«éã蟌ããããæ°æ³¡ã¯å€ä»£ã®å€§æ°ã®ãµã³ãã«ãæäŸããç§åŠè ã¯äºé žåççŽ ãã¡ã¿ã³ãªã©ã®æž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹ã®æ¿åºŠã枬å®ã§ããŸããæ°·äžã®é žçŽ ããã³æ°ŽçŽ ã®åäœäœã¯ãéå»ã®æ°æž©ãæšå®ããããã«äœ¿çšã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒå極ã®ãã¹ããŒã¯æ°·åºã³ã¢ã¯ã40äžå¹Žä»¥äžã«ãããæ°åèšé²ãæäŸããŠããã倧æ°äžã®æž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æ¿åºŠãšå°çã®æ°æž©ãšã®å¯æ¥ãªé¢ä¿ãæããã«ããŠããŸãã
2. 幎茪ïŒå¹ŽèŒªå¹Žä»£åŠïŒ
幎茪ã¯ãéå»ã®ç°å¢æ¡ä»¶ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæäŸãã幎éã®æé·å±€ã§ããåç°ã®å¹ ã¯ããã®å¹Žã®æé·æ¡ä»¶ãåæ ããŠãããå¹ ã®åºãç°ã¯å¥œãŸããæ¡ä»¶ã瀺ããå¹ ã®çãç°ã¯ã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®å€ãæ¡ä»¶ã瀺ããŸãã幎茪ãã¿ãŒã³ãåæããããšã«ãããç§åŠè ã¯éå»ã®æ°æž©ãéæ°Žãå¹²ã°ã€ãã¿ãŒã³ã埩å ã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å·ãã¯ã€ãããŠã³ãã³ãºã®ããªãã¹ã«ã³ãŒã³ãã€ã³ã®æšã«é¢ããç ç©¶ã¯ãæ°å幎ã«ããããæ°åèšé²ãæäŸããŠããããã®å°åã®éå»ã®å¹²ã°ã€ãšæ°æž©å€åã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
3. å ç©ç©ïŒæµ·æŽããã³æ¹æ²ŒïŒ
å ç©ç©ã¯ãæµ·ãæ¹ã®åºã«èç©ããéå»ã®ç°å¢æ¡ä»¶ã®èšé²ãä¿åããŸãããããã®å ç©ç©ã«ã¯ãåç³ã®è±ç²ããã©ã³ã¯ãã³ã®æ®»ãåäœäœãªã©ãéå»ã®æ°æž©ãéæ°Žãæ€çãã¿ãŒã³ã埩å ããããã«äœ¿çšã§ããããŸããŸãªææšãå«ãŸããŠããŸããå ç©ç©ã®çµæãšå±€åºã¯ãéå»ã®æµ·é¢æ°Žäœãæµ·æµãæ°åã€ãã³ãã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæäŸã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒå倧西æŽã®æµ·æŽå ç©ç©ã®åæã«ãããæåŸã®æ°·æäžã«çºçããæ¥æ¿ãªæ°åå€åïŒDansgaard-Oeschgerã€ãã³ããšããŠç¥ãããïŒã®èšŒæ ãæããã«ãªããŸããã
4. è±ç²åæïŒè±ç²åŠïŒ
è±ç²ã¯æ€ç©ã«ãã£ãŠçæããã埮现ãªç²åã§ãããããã¯å ç©ç©äžã«ä¿åãããéå»ã®æ€çãã¿ãŒã³ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæäŸããŸããå ç©ç©ãµã³ãã«äžã®ããŸããŸãªçš®é¡è±ç²ãç¹å®ããŠæ°ããããšã«ãããç§åŠè ã¯éå»ã®æ€ç©çŸ€éã®çµæã埩å ããéå»ã®æ°åæ¡ä»¶ãæšæž¬ã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒãšãŒãããã®æ¹æ²Œå ç©ç©ããã®è±ç²åæã«ãããæåŸã®æ°·æåŸã®æž©æåæ°åã«ã©ã®ããã«æ€çãã¿ãŒã³ãå€åããããæããã«ãªããŸããã
5. ãµã³ãŽ
ãµã³ãŽã¯çé žã«ã«ã·ãŠã ããéªšæ Œãæ§ç¯ããæµ·æŽç¡èæ€åç©ã§ãããããã®éªšæ Œã®çµæã¯ãåšå²ã®æ°Žæž©ãšå¡©åãåæ ããŠããŸãããµã³ãŽã®éªšæ Œäžã®åäœäœãšåŸ®éå çŽ ãåæããããšã«ãããç§åŠè ã¯éå»ã®æµ·æ°Žæž©ãšæµ·æŽæ¡ä»¶ã埩å ã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒã«ãªãæµ·ã®ãµã³ãŽç€ã®ç ç©¶ã¯ããã®å°åã®éå»ã®æµ·æ°Žæž©ãšããªã±ãŒã³æŽ»åã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæäŸããŠããŸãã
6. æŽå²çææž
æ¥èšãæçŽã蟲æ¥èšé²ãªã©ã®æŽå²çææžã¯ãéå»ã®æ°åæ¡ä»¶ã«é¢ãã貎éãªæŽå¯ãæäŸã§ããŸãããããã®ææžã«ã¯ãæ¥µç«¯ãªæ°è±¡çŸè±¡ãäœç©äžäœããã®ä»ã®æ°åé¢é£çŸè±¡ã®èšè¿°ãå«ãŸããŠããå ŽåããããŸãã䞻芳çã§ã¯ãããŸãããæŽå²çææžã¯ãä»ã®å€æ°åããŒã¿ãè§£éããããã®éèŠãªæèæ å ±ãæäŸããŸãã
äŸïŒãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã¯ã€ã³åç©«ã®èšé²ã¯ãéå»ã®å€ã®æ°æž©ã埩å ããããã«äœ¿çšãããŠãããé廿°äžçŽã«ãããæ°åå€åã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
7. ç³ç
éŸä¹³ç³ã stalagmites ãªã©ã®ç³çã¯ãæéã®çµéãšãšãã«æé·ããæŽçªã®åœ¢æç©ã§ãããããã®åœ¢æç©ã®çµæã¯ãæŽçªå€ã®æž©åºŠãšéæ°Žæ¡ä»¶ãåæ ããŠããŸããç³çäžã®åäœäœãšåŸ®éå çŽ ãåæããããšã«ãããç§åŠè ã¯éå»ã®æ°åå€åã埩å ã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒäžåœã®æŽçªããã®ç³çã®ç ç©¶ã¯ãéå»ã®ã¢ã³ã¹ãŒã³å€åã®é«è§£å床èšé²ãæäŸããŠãããã¢ãžã¢ã®ã¢ã³ã¹ãŒã³ã·ã¹ãã ãžã®æ°åå€åã®åœ±é¿ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ããã®äž»èŠãªçºèŠ
倿°ååŠã®ç ç©¶ã¯ãå°çã®æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ã«ã€ããŠããã€ãã®äž»èŠãªçºèŠããããããŸããã
- èªç¶ãªæ°åå€åïŒå°çã®æ°åã¯åžžã«èªç¶ã«å€åããŠãããå€ªéœæŽ»åã®å€åãç«å±±åŽç«ãå°çã®è»éã®å€åãªã©ã®èŠå ã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ããããæž©æåãšå¯å·åã®æéããããŸããã
- æ°·æïŒé廿°çŸäžå¹Žéã«ãå°çã¯åºç¯ãªæ°·æ²³äœçšãšå¯å·ãªæ°æž©ãç¹åŸŽãšããäžé£ã®æ°·æãçµéšããŸããããããã®æ°·æã¯ããã«ã³ã³ããããµã€ã¯ã«ãšããŠç¥ãããå°çã®è»éã®å€åã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ãããããšèããããŠããŸãã
- æ¥æ¿ãªæ°åå€åïŒæ°åã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ããªã¬ãŒã«å¿çããŠãè¿ éãã€åçãªå€åãçµéšããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããäŸãšããŠã¯ãæåŸã®æ°·æäžã®Dansgaard-Oeschgerã€ãã³ãããæåŸã®æ°·æã®çµçåŸã®çªç¶ã®å¯å·åãžã®éæ»ãã§ããã€ã³ã¬ãŒãã©ã€ã¢ã¹ã€ãã³ãããããŸãã
- æž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹ãšæ°æž©ã®é¢ä¿ïŒå€æ°åããŒã¿ã¯ã倧æ°äžã®æž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æ¿åºŠãšå°çã®æ°æž©ãšã®éã«åŒ·ãçžé¢é¢ä¿ã瀺ããŠããŸããæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æ¿åºŠãé«ãæéã¯æ°æž©ãé«ããæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æ¿åºŠãäœãæéã¯æ°æž©ãäœãããšã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãã
- åäŸã®ãªãå€åã®é床ïŒéå»100幎éã«èŠ³æž¬ãããæ°åå€åã®é床ã¯ãå°ãªããšãé廿°å幎ã§åäŸã®ãªããã®ã§ãããã®æ¥éãªæž©æåã¯ãäž»ã«åç³çæã®ççŒãªã©ã®äººé掻åã«èµ·å ãããšèããããŠããŸãã
æ°åã¢ããªã³ã°ã®åœ¹å²
æ°åã¢ãã«ã¯ãæ°åã·ã¹ãã å ã®è€éãªçžäºäœçšã衚çŸããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãããããã®ã¢ãã«ã¯ãå°æ¥ã®æ°åã·ããªãªãäºæž¬ããããŸããŸãªèŠå ãæ°åå€åã«äžãã圱é¿ãè©äŸ¡ããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã倿°åããŒã¿ã¯ãæ°åã¢ãã«ããã¹ãããã³æ€èšŒããããããéå»ã®æ°åå€åãæ£ç¢ºã«ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒãããå°æ¥ã®å€åã確å®ã«äºæž¬ã§ããããã«ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
æ°åã¢ãã«ã¯ãåºæ¬çãªç©çæ³åã«åºã¥ããŠæ§ç¯ãããŠããã倧æ°åŸªç°ãæµ·æµãéžå°è¡šé¢ããã»ã¹ãççŽ åŸªç°ãªã©ãå¹ åºãæ°åããã»ã¹ãçµã¿èŸŒãã§ããŸãããããã®ã¢ãã«ã¯ãããŸããŸãªæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æåºã·ããªãªã«å¯Ÿããæ°åã·ã¹ãã ã®å¿çãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒãããããã«äœ¿çšã§ããæ¿çç«æ¡è ã¯ããŸããŸãªç·©åæŠç¥ã®æœåšçãªçµæãè©äŸ¡ã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒçŽ2äžå¹Žåã®æçµæ°·ææ¥µå€§æïŒLGMïŒã®å€æ°åããŒã¿ã¯ãæ°åã¢ãã«ã®ãã¹ãã«ãã°ãã°äœ¿çšãããŸããLGMæ°åã®ã¢ãã«ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã倿°åããŒã¿ãšæ¯èŒããããšã«ãããç§åŠè ã¯ããŸããŸãªæ¡ä»¶äžã§ã®æ°åãã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒãããã¢ãã«ã®èœåãè©äŸ¡ã§ããŸãã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ã«ããã課é¡ãšäžç¢ºå®æ§
倿°ååŠã¯å°çã®æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ã«ã€ããŠã®è²ŽéãªæŽå¯ãæäŸããŠããŸããããéå»ã®æ°åã埩å ããããšã«ã¯èª²é¡ãäžç¢ºå®æ§ã䌎ããŸãããããã®èª²é¡ã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- ããŒã¿ã®éçïŒå€æ°åèšé²ã¯ããã°ãã°äžå®å šã§ãã£ããã空éçããã³æéçè§£å床ãéãããŠãããããŸããããã«ãããéå»ã®æ°åæ¡ä»¶ãé«ç²ŸåºŠã§åŸ©å ããããšãå°é£ã«ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã
- 幎代枬å®ã®äžç¢ºå®æ§ïŒå€æ°åã¢ãŒã«ã€ãã®å¹Žä»£æž¬å®ã¯ãç¹ã«å€ãèšé²ã®å Žåãå°é£ãªå ŽåããããŸãã幎代枬å®ã®äžç¢ºå®æ§ã¯ãæ°å埩å ã®ç²ŸåºŠã«åœ±é¿ãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- ãããã·ã®è§£éïŒå€æ°åãããã·ã¯ãéå»ã®æ°åæ¡ä»¶ã®éæ¥çãªææšã§ãããããã®ãããã·ã¯è€æ°ã®èŠå ã®åœ±é¿ãåããå¯èœæ§ããããããè§£éã¯è€éã«ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã
- 空éçå€åïŒæ°åå€åã¯å°åã«ãã£ãŠå€§ããç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸããã°ããŒãã«ãªæ°åãã¿ãŒã³ã埩å ããã«ã¯ãè€æ°ã®å Žæããã®ããŒã¿ãçµ±åããå¿ èŠããããŸãããããã¯å°é£ãªå ŽåããããŸãã
- ã¢ãã«ã®éçïŒæ°åã¢ãã«ã¯å®éã®æ°åã·ã¹ãã ã®åçŽåã§ããããã¹ãŠã®æ°åããã»ã¹ãæ£ç¢ºã«è¡šçŸããŠããªãå ŽåããããŸããããã«ãããæ°åäºæž¬ã«äžç¢ºå®æ§ãçããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ãããã®èª²é¡ã«ããããããã倿°ååŠè ã¯ãéå»ã®æ°åãããæ£ç¢ºãã€ç²Ÿå¯ã«åŸ©å ããããã«ãåžžã«æ°ããæè¡ãéçºããæ¢åã®æ¹æ³ãæ¹åããŠããŸãã
éå»ãçŸåšãæªæ¥ã®ã€ãªãã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ã¯ãéå»ãçŸåšãæªæ¥ã®éèŠãªã€ãªãããæäŸããŸããéå»ã«å°çã®æ°åãã©ã®ããã«å€åããããçè§£ããããšã«ãããæ°åå€åã®åååãšäººéã®æŽ»åã®æœåšçãªçµæã«ã€ããŠã®è²ŽéãªæŽå¯ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãããã®ç¥èã¯ãæ°åå€åãç·©åãããã®åœ±é¿ã«é©å¿ããããã®å¹æçãªæŠç¥ãéçºããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ããã®æèšã¯æããã§ããæ°åã·ã¹ãã ã¯æž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æ¿åºŠã®å€åã«ææã§ãããæ¥æ¿ãªæ°åå€åã¯çæ ç³»ãšäººéã®ç€ŸäŒã«é倧ãªçµæãããããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æåºéãåæžããæç¶å¯èœãªæ £è¡ãä¿é²ããããšã«ãããæ°åå€åã®æãå±éºãªåœ±é¿ãåé¿ããäžä»£ã«ããã£ãŠããæç¶å¯èœãªæªæ¥ãåµé ããããšãã§ããŸãã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ç圱é¿ãšç ç©¶ã®äžççäŸ
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ç ç©¶ãäžçäžã®å°åã«ã©ã®ããã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŠãããã瀺ãäŸãããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
- ã¢ããªã«ã®ãµãã«å°åïŒå€æ°åç ç©¶ã«ããããµãã«å°åã¯éå»ã«ã¯ããã«æ¹¿æœ€ãªæ°åãçµéšããŠããããšã瀺ãããŠããŸãããããã®éå»ã®æ°åå€åãçè§£ããããšã¯ããã®è匱ãªå°åã§ã®æ°Žè³æºç®¡çãšå¹²ã°ã€ãžã®å¯Ÿå¿åã®åäžã®ããã®æŠç¥ãéçºããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
- åç±³ã®ã¢ããŸã³ç±åž¯éšæïŒéå»ã®æ€çå€åã«é¢ããã¢ããŸã³ã§ã®ç ç©¶ã¯ãç±åž¯éšæãéå»ã®æ°åå€åã«ã©ã®ããã«å¿çããŠããããæããã«ããŠããŸãããã®æ å ±ã¯ãå°æ¥ã®æ°åå€åãšæ£®æç Žå£ã«å¯Ÿããç±åž¯éšæã®å埩åãäºæž¬ããããã«éèŠã§ãã
- 忥µå°åïŒã°ãªãŒã³ã©ã³ãããã®æ°·åºã³ã¢ããŒã¿ã¯ãéå»ã®åæ¥µã®æ°æž©ãšæµ·æ°·ã®ç¯å²ã®è©³çްãªèšé²ãæäŸããŸãããã®æ å ±ã¯ã忥µã§çŸåšçºçããŠããæ¥éãªæž©æåãšãã®å°çã®æµ·é¢äžæãžã®åœ±é¿ãçè§£ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- ã¢ãžã¢ã®ããããé«åïŒããããé«åã®æ¹æ²Œå ç©ç©ãšå¹ŽèŒªã®ç ç©¶ã¯ããã®å°åã®æ°·æ²³ãšæ°Žè³æºãæ°åå€åã«ã©ã®ããã«å¿çããŠããããæããã«ããŠããŸãããã®æ å ±ã¯ãé«åã®å·ã«äŸåããäœçŸäžäººãã®äººã ã®æ°Žè³æºã管çããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- 倪平æŽè«žå³¶ïŒå€ªå¹³æŽè«žå³¶ã®ãµã³ãŽç€ã®ç ç©¶ã¯ãéå»ã®æµ·é¢æ°Žäœã®å€åãšæµ·æŽé žæ§åã«ã€ããŠã®æŽå¯ãæäŸããŠããŸãããã®æ å ±ã¯ããããã®è匱ãªå³¶åœãæ°åå€åã®åœ±é¿ã«é©å¿ããã®ãå©ããããã«éèŠã§ãã
å®è¡å¯èœãªæŽå¯ãšæšå¥šäºé
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ãçè§£ããããšããåŸãããæŽå¯ã«åºã¥ããŠãå人ãã³ãã¥ããã£ãæ¿çç«æ¡è ãåãããšãã§ããå®è¡å¯èœãªã¹ããããããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
å人åãïŒ
- èªåèªèº«ãæè²ããïŒæ°åå€åãšãã®å°åããã³äžçãžã®åœ±é¿ã«ã€ããŠããã«åŠã³ãŸãããã
- ççŽ æåºéãåæžããïŒãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»ãåæžããæç¶å¯èœãªæ¹æ³ã§ç§»åããããæ€ç©ããŒã¹ã®é£äºãæ¡çšããããã®æªçœ®ãè¬ããŸãããã
- æç¶å¯èœãªæ £è¡ãæ¯æŽããïŒæç¶å¯èœæ§ã«åãçµãäŒæ¥ãã補åããµãŒãã¹ãéžæããŸãããã
- å€åãæå±ããïŒéžåºããã圹人ã«é£çµ¡ããæ°åå€åãžã®è¡åãä¿ããŸãããã
ã³ãã¥ããã£åãïŒ
- æ°åè¡åèšç»ãçå®ããïŒæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æåºéãåæžããæ°åå€åã®åœ±é¿ã«é©å¿ããããã®èšç»ãäœæããŸãããã
- åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒã«æè³ããïŒå€ªéœå ã颚åãå°ç±ãªã©ã®åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒæºã«ç§»è¡ããŸãããã
- æç¶å¯èœãªäº€éãä¿é²ããïŒãŠã©ãŒãã³ã°ããµã€ã¯ãªã³ã°ãå ¬å ±äº€éæ©é¢ã奚å±ããŸãããã
- 倩ç¶è³æºãä¿è·ããïŒæ°åã調æŽããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€æ£®æã湿å°ããã®ä»ã®çæ ç³»ãä¿è·ããŸãããã
æ¿çç«æ¡è åãïŒ
- 匷åãªæ°åæ¿çã宿œããïŒæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æåºéãåæžããåçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒãä¿é²ããæ°åå€åãžã®å¯Ÿå¿åã«æè³ããããã®æ¿çãå¶å®ããŸãããã
- æ°åç ç©¶ãæ¯æŽããïŒæ°åå€åã®çè§£ãæ·±ããæ°ããç·©åããã³é©å¿æè¡ãéçºããããã®ç ç©¶ã«è³éãæäŸããŸãããã
- åœéååãä¿é²ããïŒä»ã®åœãšååããŠãå°çèŠæš¡ã§æ°åå€åã«å¯ŸåŠããŸãããã
- æ°åæè²ã«æè³ããïŒæ°åå€åãšãã®åœ±é¿ã«ã€ããŠåœæ°ãæè²ããŸãããã
çµè«
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ãçè§£ããããšã¯ãåãªãåŠè¡çãªæŒç¿ã§ã¯ãããŸãããçŸä»£ã®æ°åå€åã®èª²é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããããã®äžå¯æ¬ ãªããŒã«ã§ããéå»ããåŠã¶ããšã«ãããçŸåšãããããçè§£ãããã¹ãŠã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠããæç¶å¯èœãªæªæ¥ã圢äœãããšãã§ããŸããå°çã®æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ã®è¬ãè§£ãæããç¶ããã«ã€ããŠããã®ç¥èãæææ±ºå®ãšè¡åã«æŽ»çšããå°æ¥ã®äžä»£ãå¥åº·çã§å埩åã®ããææãåãç¶ãããšãä¿èšŒããªããã°ãªããŸããã
æ°åå€åã®æŽå²ãžã®æ ã¯ãŸã çµããã§ã¯ãããŸãããç¶ç¶çãªç ç©¶ãšååã«ãããæ°åã·ã¹ãã å ã®è€éãªçžäºäœçšã«ã€ããŠã®çè§£ãæ·±ããç§ãã¡ã®ææãä¿è·ããããã®ãã广çãªæŠç¥ãéçºã§ããŸãã
ããã«èªãããã®è³æïŒ
- æ°åå€åã«é¢ããæ¿åºéããã«ïŒIPCCïŒïŒhttps://www.ipcc.ch/
- ç±³åœæµ·æŽå€§æ°åºïŒNOAAïŒClimate.govïŒhttps://www.climate.gov/
- ç±³åœèªç©ºå®å®å±ïŒNASAïŒæ°åå€åïŒhttps://climate.nasa.gov/
- 倿°åã¢ããªã³ã°çžäºæ¯èŒãããžã§ã¯ãïŒPMIPïŒïŒhttps://pmip4.lsce.ipsl.fr/