ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®ç§åŠãšå¥åº·ãžã®åœ±é¿ãæ¢ããäžççãªèŠç¹ã§ç¡ç ãçç£æ§ãå¹žçŠæãé«ããããã«äœå æèšãæé©åããæ¹æ³ã解説ããŸãã
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®ç§åŠïŒäœå æèšãçè§£ããããã®ã°ããŒãã«ã¬ã€ã
ç§ãã¡ã®ç掻ã¯ããã€ç ãããã€é£äºããããããŠã©ã®ããã«æããããŸã§ããæ±ºå®ãããå éšã®æé管çè ãããªãã¡çç©æèšã«ãã£ãŠæ¯é ãããŠããŸãããã®è€éãªã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããç§ãã¡ã®ççæ©èœã®ã»ãŒãã¹ãŠã®åŽé¢ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããçŽ24æéã®çç©åŠçããã»ã¹ã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ã§ãããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ãçè§£ããæé©åããããšã§ãç¡ç ãçç£æ§ããããŠå šäœçãªå¥åº·ãå€§å¹ ã«æ¹åãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã®ã¬ã€ãã§ã¯ããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®èåŸã«ããç§åŠããã®äžççãªåœ±é¿ããããŠããªãã®ç掻ãäœã®èªç¶ãªæèšã«åãããããã®å®è·µçãªæŠç¥ãæ¢ããŸãã
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ãšã¯ïŒ
ããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ããšããèšèã¯ãã©ãã³èªã®ãcircaãïŒçŽïŒãšãdiemãïŒæ¥ïŒã«ç±æ¥ãããããã®ãªãºã ãçŽ24æéåšæã§ããããšã瀺ããŠããŸãããããã®ãªãºã ã¯å åšæ§ãã€ãŸãç§ãã¡ã®äœå ã§çæããããã®ã§ãããäž»ã«å ãšãã£ãå€éšããã®åå³ã«ã圱é¿ãããŸãã
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã·ã¹ãã ã®äžå¿ã«ã¯ãè³ã®èŠåºäžéšã«ããèŠäº€åäžæ žïŒSCNïŒã«äœçœ®ãããã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ããã¯ããããŸããSCNã¯ç®ããå ã®æŽé²ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãåãåãããã®æ å ±ã䜿ã£ãŠèèãå¿èãçèãªã©äœäžã®ä»ã®æèšãåæãããŸãããããã®æ«æ¢¢æèšã¯ããã«ã¢ã³åæ³ãäœæž©ãéºäŒåçºçŸãªã©ãããŸããŸãªççåŠçããã»ã¹ã調ç¯ããŸãã
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã·ã¹ãã ã®äž»èŠãªæ§æèŠçŽ ïŒ
- èŠäº€åäžæ ž (SCN): è³å ã®ãã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ããã¯ã
- å : SCNãåæãããäž»èŠãªå€éšããã®åå³ã
- ã¡ã©ããã³: æŸæäœã§çæãããç æ°ãä¿é²ãããã«ã¢ã³ã
- ã³ã«ããŸãŒã«: å¯è ã§çæãããèŠéãšæ³šæåãä¿é²ãããã«ã¢ã³ã
ã°ããŒãã«ãã«ã¹ã«ããããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®éèŠæ§
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã¯ãå šäœçãªå¥åº·ãšå¹žçŠãç¶æããäžã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸãããããã®ãªãºã ã®ä¹±ãã¯ããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ã»ãã¹ã¢ã©ã€ã¡ã³ããšãåŒã°ãã以äžã®ãããªæ·±å»ãªçµæãããããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãïŒ
- ç¡ç é害: äžç çãç¡ç çžåŸéçå矀ããã®ä»ã®ç¡ç é害ã
- æ°åé害: ãã€ç ãäžå®é害ã忥µæ§é害ã
- ä»£è¬æ§çŸæ£: è¥æºã2åç³å°¿ç ãå¿è¡ç®¡çŸæ£ã
- ãããªã¹ã¯ã®å¢å : ç ç©¶ã«ããããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®ä¹±ããç¹å®ã®ããã®ãªã¹ã¯å¢å ãšé¢é£ä»ããããŠããŸãã
- èªç¥æ©èœã®äœäž: 泚æåãéäžåãèšæ¶åã®äœäžã
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®åœ±é¿ã¯äžçäžã«åã³ãç°ãªãæåãå°ççãªå Žæã«äœãå人ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸããäŸãã°ãç¹å®ã®å£ç¯ã«æ¥ç §æéãé·ãããŸãã¯çãåœã«äœã人ã ã¯ãå æŽé²ã®å€åã«ãããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®ä¹±ãã«é¢é£ããæ°åé害ã§ããå£ç¯æ§æ åé害ïŒSADïŒãçµéšããããšããããŸãã
ããã«ãæµ·å€æ è¡è ã¯ãã°ãã°æå·®ãŒããçµéšããŸããããã¯ãè€æ°ã®ã¿ã€ã ãŸãŒã³ãæ¥éã«ç§»åããããšã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ãããããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®äžæçãªä¹±ãã§ããæå·®ãŒãã¯ç²åŽãäžç ãæ¶ååšç³»ã®åé¡ãåŒãèµ·ãããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãå¹žçŠæã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããèŠå
ç§ãã¡ã®ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã«ã¯ããã©ã¹ã«ããã€ãã¹ã«ããããã€ãã®èŠå ã圱é¿ãäžããŸãããããã®èŠå ãçè§£ããããšã¯ãäœå æèšãæé©åããäžã§éåžžã«éèŠã§ãã
1. å æŽé²
å ã¯ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ãåæãããæã匷åãªå€éšããã®åå³ã§ããç¹ã«æã«æããå ãæµŽã³ãããšã¯ãã¡ã©ããã³ã®çæãæå¶ããèŠéãä¿é²ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããéã«ãå€éã«èæãå ãæéã«ããããããšãã¡ã©ããã³ã®çæãä¿é²ãããç æ°ãèªçºãããŸãã
äžççãªäŸïŒ å¬å£ã«æ¥ç §æéãéãããã¹ã«ã³ãžããã¢è«žåœã§ã¯ãSADã®æ²»çããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®èª¿ç¯ã®ããã«å çæ³ãäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
2. é£äºã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°
é£äºã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããæ¯æ¥æ±ºãŸã£ãæéã«é£äºãããããšã¯ãäœã®å éšæèšã匷åããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããé£äºãæããããå€é ãã«é£äºãããããããªã©ãäžèŠåãªé£äºæéã¯ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ãä¹±ãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
3. éå
宿çãªèº«äœæŽ»åã¯ããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã調ç¯ããç¡ç ã®è³ªãåäžãããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããã ããéåã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã¯éèŠã§ããå°±å¯çŽåã®éåã¯åºæ¿ãšãªããç¡ç ã劚ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
4. 瀟äŒçåå³
å€åã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ãç€ŸäŒæŽ»åãªã©ã®ç€ŸäŒççžäºäœçšãããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããäžè²«ããèµ·åºã»å°±å¯æéãå«ãèŠåæ£ããæ¥åžžãç¶æããããšã¯ãäœã®å éšæèšã匷åããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
5. 枩床
äœæž©ã¯äžæ¥ãéããŠèªç¶ã«å€åããç¡ç äžã«æãäœããªããŸããæ¶Œããç¡ç ç°å¢ãç¶æããããšã¯ãããè¯ãç¡ç ã®è³ªãä¿é²ãããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã調ç¯ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
6. ãã¯ãããžãŒã®äœ¿çš
ã¹ããŒããã©ã³ãã¿ãã¬ãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãªã©ã®é»åæ©åšããæŸåºããããã«ãŒã©ã€ãã¯ãã¡ã©ããã³ã®çæãæå¶ããç¡ç ã劚ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããå°±å¯åã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã¿ã€ã ãå¶éãããã«ãŒã©ã€ããã£ã«ã¿ãŒã䜿çšããããšã§ããããã®åœ±é¿ã軜æžã§ããŸãã
äžççãªèå¯ïŒ äžçäžã§ã®ã¢ãã€ã«æè¡ã®æ®åã¯ãå¥åº·çãªãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ãç¶æããããã«ãã«ãŒã©ã€ãæŽé²ã管çããããšãæ®éçãªèª²é¡ã§ããããšãæå³ããŸãã
èªåã®ã¯ããã¿ã€ããçè§£ãã
ã¯ããã¿ã€ããšã¯ãå人ã®èªç¶ãªç¡ç ãšèŠéã®æé垯ã®å¥œã¿ãæããŸãã人ã ã¯ãã°ãã°ãæ©èµ·ãé³¥ãïŒæåïŒãŸãã¯ã倿Žãããã¯ããŠãïŒå€åïŒã«åé¡ãããŸããèªåã®ã¯ããã¿ã€ããçè§£ããããšã§ãæ¥ã ã®ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ãæé©åããæŽ»åãäœã®èªç¶ãªãªãºã ã«åãããããšãã§ããŸãã
äžè¬çãªã¯ããã¿ã€ãïŒ
- æåïŒãããªïŒ: æ©ãèµ·ããæ©ãå¯ãããšã奜ã¿ãŸããååäžã«æãçç£æ§ãé«ããªãåŸåããããŸãã
- å€åïŒãã¯ããŠïŒ: é ãèµ·ããé ãå¯ãããšã奜ã¿ãŸãã倿¹ããå€ã«ãããŠæãçç£æ§ãé«ããªãåŸåããããŸãã
- äžéå: æåãšå€åã®äžéã«äœçœ®ããŸãã
èªåã®ã¯ããã¿ã€ãã倿ããã«ã¯ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã®è³ªå祚ã«çããããäžå®æéã®ç¡ç ãã¿ãŒã³ãèšé²ãããããæ¹æ³ããããŸããã¯ããã¿ã€ãã«ã¯éºäŒçèŠçŽ ããããŸãããç°å¢èŠå ãã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã®éžæã«ã圱é¿ãããããšããããŸããç€ŸäŒæ§é ã¯ãã°ãã°æåãåªéãããããæ©ãå€åã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«é©å¿ããã®ã«èŠåŽããå€åã®äººã ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯èª²é¡ãçããå¯èœæ§ãããããšãèªèããããšãéèŠã§ãã
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ãæé©åããããã®æŠç¥
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ãæé©åããããšã§ãç¡ç ãçç£æ§ãå šäœçãªå¥åº·ãå€§å¹ ã«æ¹åãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã以äžã«ãããªãã®ç掻ãäœã®èªç¶ãªæèšã«åãããããã®å®è·µçãªæŠç¥ãããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãïŒ
1. èŠåæ£ããç¡ç ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ã確ç«ãã
äœã®å éšæèšã調æŽããããã鱿«ã§ãæ¯æ¥åãæéã«å°±å¯ããèµ·åºããŸããããäžè²«æ§ãéµã§ãã
2. æã®æ¥å ãæµŽã³ã
æèµ·ãããããã«ãã§ããã°å€ªéœå ã®ãããªæããå ã«èº«ãããã ãŸããããããã«ãããã¡ã©ããã³ã®çæãæå¶ãããèŠéãä¿é²ãããŸãã
3. ãªã©ãã¯ã¹ã§ããå°±å¯åã®ç¿æ £ãäœã
äœãç¡ç ã®æºåç¶æ ã«ããããã«ããªã©ãã¯ã¹ã§ããå°±å¯åã®ç¿æ £ã身ã«ã€ããŸããããããã«ã¯ãæž©ããã颚åã«å ¥ããæ¬ãèªããçæ³ãå®è·µãããªã©ãå«ãŸããŸãã
4. ç¡ç ç°å¢ãæé©åãã
å¯å®€ãæããéãã§ãæ¶Œããããšã確èªããŠãã ãããé®å ã«ãŒãã³ãè³æ ããŸãã¯ãã¯ã€ããã€ãºãã·ã³ã䜿çšããŠãéªéãªãã®ãæå°éã«æããŸãããã
5. å°±å¯åã®ã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³ã¿ã€ã ãå¶éãã
å°±å¯åã®å°ãªããšã1æéã¯é»åæ©åšã®äœ¿çšãé¿ããŸãããããã䜿çšããªããã°ãªããªãå Žåã¯ããã«ãŒã©ã€ããã£ã«ã¿ãŒããã«ãŒã©ã€ãã®æŸåºãæžããã¢ããªã䜿çšããŠãã ããã
6. å°±å¯åã®ã«ãã§ã€ã³ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãé¿ãã
ã«ãã§ã€ã³ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯ç¡ç ã劚ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããå°±å¯åã®æ°æéã¯ãããã®æåãé¿ããŸãããã
7. 宿çã«éåããããå°±å¯çŽåã¯é¿ãã
宿çãªèº«äœæŽ»åã¯ç¡ç ã®è³ªãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸãããåºæ¿ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããããå°±å¯çŽåã®éåã¯é¿ããŸãããã
8. é£äºã®ã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã«æ°ãã€ãã
æ¯æ¥æ±ºãŸã£ãæéã«é£äºãããå°±å¯çŽåã«å€§éã®é£äºãçãã¹ããã¯ãé£ã¹ãã®ã¯é¿ããŸãããã
9. å çæ³ãæ€èšãã
å£ç¯æ§æ åé害ãå æŽé²ã«é¢é£ãããã®ä»ã®ç¡ç éå®³ã«æ©ãã§ããå Žåã¯ãå çæ³ã®äœ¿çšãæ€èšããŠãã ããã
10. æå·®ãŒãã广çã«ç®¡çãã
ã¿ã€ã ãŸãŒã³ãè¶ããŠæ è¡ããéã¯ãåºçºã®æ°æ¥åããåŸã ã«ç¡ç ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ã調æŽããããã«ããŠãã ãããå æŽé²ãã¡ã©ããã³ã®ãµããªã¡ã³ããå©çšããŠããµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®èª¿æŽãå©ããŸãããã
æµ·å€æ è¡è ãžã®ãã³ãïŒ æå·®ãŒãèšç®ã¢ããªãããŠã³ããŒãããŠãæ°ããã¿ã€ã ãŸãŒã³ã«é©å¿ããããã®ããŒãœãã©ã€ãºãããèšç»ãäœæããŸãããããããã®ã¢ããªã¯ãåºçºå°ãšç®çå°ãèæ ®ããå æŽé²ãç¡ç ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ãã¡ã©ããã³ã®äœ¿çšã«é¢ããæšå¥šäºé ãæäŸããŸãã
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ç ç©¶ã®æªæ¥
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã«é¢ããç ç©¶ã¯æ¥éã«é²åããŠãããç§ãã¡ã®äœå æèšãæ¯é ããè€éãªã¡ã«ããºã ãšãã®å¥åº·ãžã®åœ±é¿ã«ã€ããŠæ°ããªçºèŠããªãããŠããŸããä»åŸã®ç ç©¶ã¯ã以äžã®ãããªç¹ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãã§ãããïŒ
- åå¥åãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³å»ç: å人ã®ã¯ããã¿ã€ããšãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã«åºã¥ããæ²»çæ³ãä»å ¥çã®èª¿æŽã
- ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³éå®³ã®æ°ããæ²»çæ³ã®éçº: ç¡ç éå®³ãæ°åé害ããã®ä»ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®ä¹±ãã«é¢é£ããçç¶ãæ²»çããããã®æ°ããè¬å€ãæ²»çæ³ã®æ¢æ±ã
- ã¯ããã¿ã€ãã®éºäŒçåºç€ã®çè§£: å人ã®ã¯ããã¿ã€ãã«åœ±é¿ãäžããéºäŒåãšãããããç°å¢èŠå ãšã©ã®ããã«çžäºäœçšããããç¹å®ããã
- è žå ãã€ã¯ããã€ãªãŒã ã®åœ¹å²ã®èª¿æ»: è žå ãã€ã¯ããã€ãªãŒã ãšãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®é¢é£æ§ãæ¢ãã
- ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãã«ã¹ã«æé©ãªå€åã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®æé©å: çç£æ§ãšå¹žçŠæãåäžãããããã«ãåŸæ¥å¡ã®èªç¶ãªãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã«åãããå€åã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ãéçºããã
çµè«
ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã®ç§åŠã¯ãç§ãã¡ã®äœå æèšã®è€éãªåããšããããå¥åº·ãšå¹žçŠã«äžããæ·±é ãªåœ±é¿ã«ã€ããŠè²ŽéãªæŽå¯ãæäŸããŸããç§ãã¡ã®ãµãŒã«ãã£ã¢ã³ãªãºã ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããèŠå ãçè§£ãããããæé©åããããã®æŠç¥ãå®è¡ããããšã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯ç¡ç ãçç£æ§ããããŠå šäœçãªç掻ã®è³ªãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸããããªããäžçãæ ããæ è¡è ã§ãããã·ããã¯ãŒã«ãŒã§ããããããã¯åã«å¹žçŠæãé«ããããšé¡ã人ã§ãããããªãã®ç掻ãäœã®èªç¶ãªæèšã«åãããããšã¯ãæé©ãªå¥åº·ãéæããããã®åŒ·åãªããŒã«ã§ãã
ãªãºã ãåãå ¥ããããªãã®å¯èœæ§ãè§£ãæŸã¡ãŸãããïŒ