è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å šäœåãæè¡ãçšéãå°æ¥ã®ååãæ¢ããŸããããŒãºã«åã£ãé©åãªè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã®éžã³æ¹ãåŠã³ãŸãããã
è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®äžçãæ¢ãïŒç·åã¬ã€ã
è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãç§ãã¡ããšãã«ã®ãŒãçæãé çµŠãæ¶è²»ããæ¹æ³ã«é©åœããããããŠããŸããå°èŠæš¡ãªå®¶åºçšããå€§èŠæš¡ãªç³»çµ±å®å®åãŸã§ãè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ããã¯ãªãŒã³ã§ããã匷éã§ãå¹ççãªãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æªæ¥ãå®çŸããäžã§ãŸããŸãéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããŸãããã®ç·åã¬ã€ãã§ã¯ãè黿± æè¡ãçšéãå©ç¹ããããŠé©åãªãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãéžæããããã®èæ ®äºé ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
è黿± ãšã¯ïŒ
è黿± ãšã¯ãæ¬è³ªçã«ã黿°ãšãã«ã®ãŒãææããå¿ èŠãªãšãã«æŸåºããããšãæããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ã«ããã倪éœå ã颚åã®ãããªæç¶çãªåçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒæºããçæããããšãã«ã®ãŒãåŸã§äœ¿çšããããã«è²¯èµããããšãã§ããäŸçµŠãšéèŠãäžèŽããããšãã課é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããŸããè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãããããªãŒã»ã«ãããããªãŒç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ïŒBMSïŒããã¯ãŒã³ã³ãã£ã·ã§ãïŒPCSïŒãå¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ãããã€ãã®äž»èŠãªã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã
è黿± æè¡ã®çš®é¡
è黿± ã®åéã¯å€æ§ã§ãããããŸããŸãªçšéãèŠä»¶ã«å¿ããåçš®æè¡ãååšããŸããæ å ±ã«åºã¥ããæææ±ºå®ãè¡ãããã«ã¯ãåæè¡ã®ç¹æ§ãçè§£ããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³ïŒLi-ionïŒé»æ±
ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³é»æ± ã¯ããã®é«ããšãã«ã®ãŒå¯åºŠãé·ã寿åœããããŠæ¯èŒçäœãã³ã¹ãã«ãããè黿± ã«ãããäž»èŠãªæè¡ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã黿°èªåè»ãå®¶é»è£œåããããŠã°ãªããã¹ã±ãŒã«ã®èé»ãããžã§ã¯ãã§åºã䜿çšãããŠããŸãããªã³é žéãªããŠã ïŒLFPïŒãããã±ã«ã»ãã³ã¬ã³ã»ã³ãã«ãïŒNMCïŒãããã±ã«ã»ã³ãã«ãã»ã¢ã«ãããŠã ïŒNCAïŒãªã©ãããŸããŸãªãªããŠã ã€ãªã³ååŠãååšãããããããæ§èœãå®å šæ§ãã³ã¹ãã®ç¬èªã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãæäŸããŸãã
äŸïŒãã¹ã©ã®Powerwallã¯äººæ°ã®å®¶åºçšãªããŠã ã€ãªã³èé»ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªã°ãªããã¹ãã¬ãŒãžãããžã§ã¯ãã§ã¯ãå®å šæ§ãé«ãé·å¯¿åœã§ããããšããLFP黿± ããã°ãã°å©çšãããŸãã
éè黿±
éè黿± ã¯æçããã³ã¹ãå¹çã®é«ãæè¡ã§ããããªããŠã ã€ãªã³é»æ± ãšæ¯èŒããŠãšãã«ã®ãŒå¯åºŠãäœãã寿åœãçããšããæ¬ ç¹ããããŸããããã¯ã¢ãã黿ºã·ã¹ãã ãç¡åé»é»æºè£ 眮ïŒUPSïŒããªãã°ãªããçšéã§äžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
äŸïŒçºå±éäžåœã®å€ãã®ãªãã°ãªããäœå® ã§ã¯ããã®æé ãªäŸ¡æ Œããã倪éœãšãã«ã®ãŒã貯èµããããã«éè黿± ãå©çšãããŠããŸãã
ãããŒé»æ±
ãããŒé»æ± ã¯ãæ¶²äœé»è§£è³ªã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒã貯èµããæ¡åŒµå¯èœãªãšãã«ã®ãŒå®¹éãšé·ããµã€ã¯ã«å¯¿åœãæäŸããŸããé·æéã®è²¯èµãå¿ èŠãšãããå€§èŠæš¡ãªã°ãªããã¹ãã¬ãŒãžçšéã«é©ããŠããŸãããããžãŠã ã¬ããã¯ã¹ãããŒé»æ± ïŒVRFBïŒã¯ãäžè¬çãªãããŒé»æ± ã®äžçš®ã§ãã
äŸïŒäžçäžã§ããã€ãã®å€§èŠæš¡ãªãããŒé»æ± ãããžã§ã¯ããå±éãããŠããã系統å®å®åãããŒã¯ã«ãããµãŒãã¹ãæäŸããŠããŸãã
ãããªãŠã ã€ãªã³é»æ±
ãããªãŠã ã€ãªã³é»æ± ã¯ããªããŠã ã®ä»£ããã«ãããªãŠã ãå©çšããæ°èæè¡ã§ãããããªãŠã ã¯ãªããŠã ãããè±å¯ã§å®äŸ¡ã§ããããããããªãŠã ã€ãªã³é»æ± ã¯å€§èŠæš¡ãªãšãã«ã®ãŒè²¯èµã®ææãªä»£æ¿ææ®µãšãããŠããŸãã
äŸïŒåäŒæ¥ã¯ããªããŠã ãžã®äŸåãæžããããšãç®æãã黿°èªåè»ãã°ãªããã¹ãã¬ãŒãžåãã®ãããªãŠã ã€ãªã³é»æ± ãç©æ¥µçã«éçºããŠããŸãã
ãã®ä»ã®ããããªãŒæè¡
ãã®ä»ã®ããããªãŒæè¡ã«ã¯ãããã±ã«æ°ŽçŽ ïŒNiMHïŒé»æ± ãäºé空æ°é»æ± ãå šåºäœé»æ± ãªã©ããããŸãããããã®æè¡ã¯ããŸããŸãªéçºæ®µéã«ãããç¹å®ã®çšéã«å¯ŸããŠç¬èªã®å©ç¹ãæäŸããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®çšé
è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ããŸããŸãªåéãå€é©ããããæç¶å¯èœã§åŒ·éãªãšãã«ã®ãŒãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ãå¯èœã«ããŠããŸãã
å®¶åºçšè黿±
å®¶åºçšè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããäœå® ææè ã¯æ¥äžã«çæãããäœå°ã®å€ªéœãšãã«ã®ãŒã貯èµããå€éãå黿ã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ããããšãã«ã®ãŒèªçµŠçãé«ãŸããé»åç¶²ãžã®äŸåãæžå°ãã黿°ä»£ãåæžã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒå€ªéœå çºé»ã®æ®åçãé«ããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã§ã¯ã倪éœãšãã«ã®ãŒã®èªå®¶æ¶è²»ãæå€§åããããã«ãå®¶åºçšè黿± ã®äººæ°ããŸããŸãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã
æ¥åçšã»ç£æ¥çšè黿±
æ¥åçšã»ç£æ¥çšïŒC&IïŒè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãããŒã¯ã«ãããããã³ãã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ãããã¯ã¢ãã黿ºãé»åå質ã®åäžãªã©ãããŸããŸãªå©ç¹ãæäŸããŸããããã«ãããäŒæ¥ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒã³ã¹ããåæžããé»åç¶²ã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãåäžãããããã³ãã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ããã°ã©ã ã«åå ããããšãã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒãã€ãã®è£œé å·¥å Žã§ã¯ãããŒã¯éèŠæéãåæžãã系統å黿ã«ããã¯ã¢ããé»åãäŸçµŠããããã«è黿± ã䜿çšããå ŽåããããŸãã
ã°ãªããã¹ã±ãŒã«è黿±
ã°ãªããã¹ã±ãŒã«è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãé»åç¶²ã®å®å®åãåçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒæºã®çµ±åãåšæ³¢æ°èª¿æŽãé»å§ãµããŒããªã©ã®ã¢ã³ã·ã©ãªãŒãµãŒãã¹ã®æäŸã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸãããŸããã³ã¹ãã®ãããéé»ç¶²ã®å¢åŒ·ãå»¶æãŸãã¯åé¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
äŸïŒã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å·ã¯ãå¢å€§ãã倪éœå ããã³é¢šåçºé»å®¹éãçµ±åããé»åç¶²ã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã確ä¿ããããã«ãæ°å€ãã®ã°ãªããã¹ã±ãŒã«èé»ãããžã§ã¯ããå±éããŠããŸãã
ãªãã°ãªããè黿±
ãªãã°ãªããè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãé éå°ã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ãé»åç¶²ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããªãå°åã«ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ãé»åãäŸçµŠããŸãã倪éœå ã颚åãªã©ã®åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒæºãšçµã¿åãããŠãèªçµŠèªè¶³ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããããšããããããŸãã
äŸïŒã¢ããªã«ãã¢ãžã¢ã®å€ãã®èŸ²æã§ã¯ãå®¶åºãåŠæ ¡ãäºæ¥æã«é»åãäŸçµŠããããã«ããªãã°ãªããã®å€ªéœå çºé»ã»èé»ã·ã¹ãã ã«äŸåããŠããŸãã
黿°èªåè»ïŒEVïŒå é»ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³
è黿± ãEVå é»ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã«çµ±åããããšã§ãé»åç¶²ãžã®è² æ ã軜æžããå黿ã«ããã¯ã¢ããé»åãäŸçµŠããé»åç¶²ã®å®¹éãéãããŠããå Žåã§ãæ¥éå é»ãå¯èœã«ããŸãã
äŸïŒãã«ãŠã§ãŒã®æ¥éå é»ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ã系統é»åãè£ããããã³ãæéãåæžããããã«è黿± ã䜿çšããå ŽåããããŸãã
è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å©ç¹
è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å°å ¥ã¯ãå人ãäŒæ¥ããããŠç°å¢ã«å¯ŸããŠå¹ åºãå©ç¹ããããããŸãã
ãšãã«ã®ãŒèªçµŠçã®åäž
è黿± ã«ãããæ¶è²»è ã¯èªèº«ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒãçæã»è²¯èµããããšãã§ããé»åç¶²ãžã®äŸåãæžããããšãã«ã®ãŒèªçµŠçãé«ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãšãã«ã®ãŒã³ã¹ãã®åæž
è黿± ã¯ã黿°æéãå®ãæã«ãšãã«ã®ãŒã貯èµããé«ãæã«äœ¿çšããããšã§ãæ¶è²»è ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒã³ã¹ãåæžã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããããã¯ãæéåž¯å¥æéïŒTOUïŒãèšå®ãããŠããå°åã§ç¹ã«æçã§ãã
é»åç¶²ã®ä¿¡é Œæ§åäž
è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãåšæ³¢æ°èª¿æŽãé»å§ãµããŒããªã©ã®ç³»çµ±å®å®åãµãŒãã¹ãæäŸããé»åç¶²å šäœã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãåäžãããåé»ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãäœæžããŸãã
åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒã®çµ±å
è黿± ã¯ãäœå°ãšãã«ã®ãŒã貯èµããå¿ èŠãªãšãã«æŸåºããããšã§ã倪éœå ã颚åãªã©ã®æç¶çãªåçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒæºã®çµ±åãå¯èœã«ããäŸçµŠã®å€åãå¹³æ»åããŸãã
ããã¯ã¢ãã黿º
è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã系統å黿ã«ããã¯ã¢ããé»åãäŸçµŠããå¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ãªå®¶é»è£œåãã·ã¹ãã ã皌åãç¶ããããšãä¿èšŒããŸãã
ç°å¢äžã®å©ç¹
åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒã®çµ±åãå¯èœã«ããåç³çæãžã®äŸåãæžããããšã§ãè黿± ã¯ããã¯ãªãŒã³ã§æç¶å¯èœãªãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æªæ¥ã«è²¢ç®ããŸãã
è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ãéžæããéã®èæ ®äºé
é©åãªè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ãéžæããã«ã¯ã以äžã®ãããªããŸããŸãªèŠå ãæ éã«èæ ®ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
ãšãã«ã®ãŒéèŠ
èªèº«ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»ãã¿ãŒã³ãè©äŸ¡ããããŒãºãæºããããã«å¿ èŠãªèé»å®¹éãæ±ºå®ããŸããããŒã¯éèŠãããã¯ã¢ãã黿ºèŠä»¶ãåžæãããšãã«ã®ãŒèªçµŠçãªã©ã®èŠå ãèæ ®ããŠãã ããã
ããããªãŒæè¡
ããŸããŸãªããããªãŒæè¡ãè©äŸ¡ããçšéãšäºç®ã«æãé©ãããã®ãéžæããŸãããšãã«ã®ãŒå¯åºŠã寿åœãå®å šæ§ãã³ã¹ããªã©ã®èŠå ãèæ ®ããŠãã ããã
ã·ã¹ãã ãµã€ãºãšæ§æ
ãšãã«ã®ãŒéèŠãšå©çšå¯èœãªã¹ããŒã¹ã«åºã¥ããŠãé©åãªã·ã¹ãã ãµã€ãºãšæ§æãæ±ºå®ããŸããããããªãŒå®¹éãé»ååºåãèšçœ®èŠä»¶ãªã©ã®èŠå ãèæ ®ããŠãã ããã
ããããªãŒç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ïŒBMSïŒ
BMSã¯è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã®éèŠãªã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã§ãããããããªãŒã®æ§èœãç£èŠã»å¶åŸ¡ããå®å šæ§ã確ä¿ãã寿åœãæå€§åãã責任ãè² ããŸããå ç¢ã§ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ãBMSãåããã·ã¹ãã ãéžæããŠãã ããã
ãã¯ãŒã³ã³ãã£ã·ã§ãïŒPCSïŒ
PCSã¯ãããããªãŒããã®çŽæµïŒDCïŒé»åããå®¶åºãäºæ¥æã§äœ¿çšããããã®äº€æµïŒACïŒé»åã«å€æããŸããPCSãã䜿çšã®é»åç¶²ãå®¶é»è£œåãšäºææ§ãããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
èšçœ®ãšã¡ã³ããã³ã¹
è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã®èšçœ®ããã³ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹èŠä»¶ãèæ ®ããŸããèšçœ®ãšã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ã容æãªã·ã¹ãã ãéžæããè³æ Œã®ããèšçœ®æ¥è ããµãŒãã¹ãããã€ããŒã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã§ããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
ä¿èšŒãšãµããŒã
è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¡ãŒã«ãŒãæäŸããä¿èšŒãšãµããŒãã確èªããŸããä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ã補åãšåªãã顧客ãµããŒããæäŸããŠããå®çžŸã®ãããè©å€ã®è¯ãã¡ãŒã«ãŒãéžæããŠãã ããã
ã³ã¹ããšã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ã
åæè²»çšãèšçœ®è²»çšãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹è²»çšãããã³é»æ°æéã®æœåšçãªç¯çŽé¡ãå«ããç·ææã³ã¹ããè©äŸ¡ããŸããã·ã¹ãã ã®ã³ã¹ããåæžããããã«å©çšå¯èœãªã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããè£å©éãæ¢ããŠãã ããã
è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æªæ¥
è黿± ã®æªæ¥ã¯æãããæè¡ã®ç¶ç¶çãªé²æ©ãã³ã¹ãã®äœäžãããŸããŸãªåéã§ã®å°å ¥æ¡å€§ãé²ãã§ããŸããè黿± ã®æªæ¥ã圢äœãäž»èŠãªãã¬ã³ãã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
ããããªãŒã³ã¹ãã®äœäž
ããããªãŒã³ã¹ãã¯æ¥éã«äœäžããŠãããè黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ããæé ã§å©çšãããããªã£ãŠããŸãã
ããããªãŒæ§èœã®åäž
ç¶ç¶çãªç ç©¶éçºã«ãããããããªãŒã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒå¯åºŠã寿åœãå®å šæ§ãåäžããŠããŸãã
å é²çãªããããªãŒååŠ
å šåºäœé»æ± ããããªãŠã ã€ãªã³é»æ± ãªã©ãæ§èœãåäžãããéèŠææãžã®äŸåãæžããããã®æ°ããããããªãŒååŠãéçºãããŠããŸãã
ã¹ããŒãã°ãªãããšã®çµ±å
è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã¹ããŒãã°ãªãããšã®çµ±åãé²ã¿ãããå¹ççã§ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ããšãã«ã®ãŒç®¡çãå¯èœã«ããŠããŸãã
Vehicle-to-GridïŒV2GïŒæè¡
V2Gæè¡ã«ããã黿°èªåè»ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãé»åç¶²ã«é朮æµãããããšãã§ããEVãç§»åå¯èœãªèé»è³ç£ã«å€ããããšãã§ããŸãã
åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å°å ¥æ¡å€§
åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒæºã®å°å ¥æ¡å€§ã¯ãæç¶æ§ã®èª²é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããããã®è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãžã®éèŠãä¿é²ããŠããŸãã
çµè«
è黿± ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æ§çžãå€é©ããããã¯ãªãŒã³ã§ããã匷éã§ãå¹ççãªãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æªæ¥ãå¯èœã«ããŠããŸããããŸããŸãªããããªãŒæè¡ãçšéãå©ç¹ãèæ ®äºé ãçè§£ããããšã§ãæ å ±ã«åºã¥ããæææ±ºå®ãè¡ããç¹å®ã®ããŒãºãæºããããã®é©åãªè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ãéžæã§ããŸããããããªãŒæè¡ã鲿©ãç¶ããã³ã¹ããäœäžãç¶ããã«ã€ããŠãè黿± ã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒã®æªæ¥ã圢äœãäžã§ãŸããŸãéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæããã§ãããã
å®è·µçãªæŽå¯
- ãšãã«ã®ãŒéèŠãè©äŸ¡ããïŒãå®¶åºãäºæ¥æã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒæ¶è²»ãã¿ãŒã³ãæ éã«è©äŸ¡ããé©åãªãµã€ãºãšçš®é¡ã®è黿± ã·ã¹ãã ãæ±ºå®ããŸãã
- ããŸããŸãªããããªãŒæè¡ã調æ»ããïŒå©çšå¯èœãªåçš®ããããªãŒæè¡ãæ¢æ±ãããããã®æ§èœãã³ã¹ãã寿åœãæ¯èŒããŸãã
- ç·ææã³ã¹ããèæ ®ããïŒåæè²»çšãèšçœ®è²»çšãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹è²»çšãããã³é»æ°æéã®æœåšçãªç¯çŽé¡ãªã©ãè黿± ã«é¢é£ãããã¹ãŠã®ã³ã¹ããèæ ®ã«å ¥ããŸãã
- å©çšå¯èœãªã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããè£å©éãæ¢ãïŒè黿± ã®ã³ã¹ããåæžããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€æ¿åºã®ã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããé»åäŒç€Ÿã®è£å©éã確èªããŸãã
- è³æ Œã®ããèšçœ®æ¥è ã«çžè«ããïŒä¿¡é Œã§ããèšçœ®æ¥è ãšååããŠãè黿± ã·ã¹ãã ãé©åã«èšçœ®ã»ä¿å®ãããããã«ããŸãã