åœéçã«äºæ¥ãå±éããäŒæ¥åãã«ãäžçã®é£åå®å šèŠå¶ãåºæºããã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ãç¶²çŸ ããã¬ã€ããäž»èŠãªèŠå¶ãã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹æŠç¥ããªã¹ã¯ç®¡çææ³ã解説ããŸãã
äžçã®é£åå®å šãèªæµ·ããïŒèŠå¶ãšéµå®ã«é¢ããå æ¬çãªã¬ã€ã
仿¥ã®çžäºã«é£çµãããäžçã«ãããŠãé£åç£æ¥ã¯ã°ããŒãã«èŠæš¡ã§å±éãããŠããŸããåææã®èª¿éãã宿åã®æµéã«è³ããŸã§ãé£åäºæ¥ã¯è£œåã®å®å šæ§ãšå質ã確ä¿ããããã«ãåœéçãªèŠå¶ãšåºæºã®è€éãªç¶²ããããæããªããã°ãªããŸããããããã®èŠå¶ãçè§£ããããšã¯ãæ³çéµå®ã ãã§ãªããæ¶è²»è ã®ä¿¡é Œãç¯ããå ¬è¡è¡çãä¿è·ããããã«ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããæ¬ã¬ã€ãã¯ãäžçã®é£åå®å šèŠå¶ã®å æ¬çãªæŠèŠãæäŸããäŒæ¥ããã®çŸ©åãçè§£ãã广çãªã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹æŠç¥ãå®è¡ããã®ãæ¯æŽããŸãã
ãªãé£åå®å šèŠå¶ãéèŠãªã®ãïŒ
é£åå®å šèŠå¶ã¯ãé£äžæ¯ã®äºé²ã adulteratedïŒäžæ£ãªæåãå«ãŸããïŒé£åãmisbrandedïŒèª€è¡šç€ºãããïŒé£åããæ¶è²»è ãä¿è·ããããšãããã³å ¬æ£ãªååŒæ £è¡ã確ä¿ããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸãããããã¯ãé£åã®çç£ãå å·¥ãåãæ±ããä¿ç®¡ãæµéã«é¢ããåºæºã確ç«ãã以äžã®ãããªåéãã«ããŒããŠããŸãã
- è¡çãšæž æ: é£åå å·¥æœèšã«ãããæž æœã§è¡ççãªç¶æ ã®ç¢ºä¿ã
- å±å®³åæããã³éèŠç®¡çç¹ (HACCP): é£å補é ããã»ã¹å šäœã«ãããæœåšçãªå±å®³ã®ç¹å®ãšç®¡çã
- 衚瀺ãšãã¬ãŒãµããªãã£: æ£ç¢ºã§æ å ±éã®å€ã衚瀺ãæäŸããé£åãåç£å°ããæ¶è²»è ãŸã§è¿œè·¡ããããšã
- é£åæ·»å ç©ã𿱿ç©è³ª: é£åæ·»å ç©ã®äœ¿çšãèŠå¶ããé£åäžã®æ±æç©è³ªã®å¶éãèšå®ããããšã
- 茞åºå ¥ç®¡ç: 茞åºå ¥ãããé£åãå®å šåºæºãæºãããŠããããšã確èªããããšã
é£åå®å šèŠå¶ã®éµå®ãæ ããšã補åååã眰éãæ³çæªçœ®ã颚è©è¢«å®³ããããŠæãéèŠãªããšãšããŠæ¶è²»è ã®å¥åº·ãžã®å®³ãªã©ãæ·±å»ãªçµæãæãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
äž»èŠãªäžçã®é£åå®å šèŠå¶ãšåºæº
åäžã®ã°ããŒãã«ãªé£åå®å šæ©é¢ã¯ååšããŸããããããã€ãã®åœéæ©é¢ãååœæ¿åºãåºãèªç¥ããæ¡çšãããŠããèŠå¶ãšåºæºã確ç«ããŠããŸããäž»ãªãã®ãããã€ãã玹ä»ããŸãã
1. ã³ãŒããã¯ã¹ã»ã¢ãªã¡ã³ã¿ãªãŠã¹
The Codex Alimentarius, established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations relating to food, food production, and food safety. While not legally binding, Codex standards serve as a reference point for national food regulations and are often incorporated into national laws. It covers a wide range of food safety issues, including:
- é£åè¡ç
- é£åæ·»å ç©
- é£åäžã®æ±æç©è³ª
- æ®ç蟲è¬
- åç©çšå»è¬åæ®çç©
- 衚瀺
- ãµã³ããªã³ã°ãšåæ
ã³ãŒããã¯ã¹åºæºã¯ãæ¿åºä»£è¡šãæ¥çå°éå®¶ãæ¶è²»è å£äœãåå ããã³ã³ã»ã³ãµã¹ã«åºã¥ããããã»ã¹ãéããŠéçºãããŸãããããã¯ãææ°ã®ç§åŠçç¥èãšæè¡ç鲿©ãåæ ããããã«å®æçã«æŽæ°ãããŸããåœéçãªé£å貿æã«æºããããããäŒæ¥ã«ãšã£ãŠãã³ãŒããã¯ã¹ã®ååãçè§£ããããšã¯äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããå€ãã®åœããåœå ã®é£åå®å šæ³ãã³ãŒããã¯ã¹ã®ã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«å€§ããäŸæ ããŠããŸãã
2. ç±³åœïŒé£åå®å šè¿ä»£åæ³ (FSMA)
The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)ã¯ãé£äžæ¯ã®çºçã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããããäºé²ããããšãç®çãšããç±³åœã®ç»æçãªé£åå®å šæ³ã§ããããã«ãããé£åå»è¬åå± (FDA) ã¯é£åå®å šãèŠå¶ãããã倧ããªæš©éãäžããããé£åäºæ¥è ã«å±å®³ãæå°éã«æããããã®äºé²ç®¡ççã®å®æœã矩åä»ããŠããŸããFSMAã®äž»èŠãªæ§æèŠçŽ ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
- 人éçšé£åã®äºé²ç®¡çèŠå: é£åæœèšã«å¯Ÿããæœåšçãªå±å®³ãç¹å®ããäºé²ç®¡ççã確ç«ãããã®æå¹æ§ãç£èŠããæžé¢ã«ããé£åå®å šèšç»ãçå®ã»å®æœããããšã矩åä»ããŠããŸãã
- åç©çšé£åã®äºé²ç®¡çèŠå: 人éçšé£åã®èŠåãšåæ§ã§ãããåç©çšé£åã補é ãå å·¥ãå è£ ããŸãã¯ä¿ç®¡ããæœèšã«é©çšãããŸãã
- 蟲ç£ç©å®å šèŠå: æç©ããã³éèã®å®å šãªçç£ãšåç©«ã«é¢ããåºæºã確ç«ããŸãã
- å€åœäŸçµŠæ¥è æ€èšŒããã°ã©ã (FSVP) èŠå: èŒžå ¥æ¥è ã«å¯Ÿããå€åœã®äŸçµŠæ¥è ãç±³åœåºæºãšåãã¬ãã«ã®å®å šæ§ãæäŸããæ¹æ³ã§é£åãçç£ããŠããããšãæ€èšŒãããã矩åä»ããŠããŸãã
- è¡ççãªèŒžéèŠå: é£åã®å®å šãªèŒžéã«é¢ããèŠä»¶ã確ç«ããŸãã
FSMAã¯ãç±³åœå ããã³æµ·å€ã§äºæ¥ãå±éããé£åäºæ¥è ã«ãšã£ãŠé倧ãªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããŸããç±³åœã«é£åã茞åºããå€åœã®äŸçµŠæ¥è ã¯ãFSVPèŠåãéµå®ããèªç€Ÿã®é£åå®å šæ £è¡ãç±³åœåºæºãæºãããŠããããšã蚌æããªããã°ãªããŸããã
3. 欧å·é£åïŒäžè¬é£åæ³èŠ (EC) No 178/2002
The General Food Law Regulation (EC) No 178/2002ã¯ãEUé£åæ³ã®åºç€ã§ããããã¯ãèŸ²å Žããé£åãŸã§ã®é£åãã§ãŒã³ã®å 𿮵éãç¶²çŸ ããæ¬§å·é£åå šäœã®é£åå®å šã®ããã®å ±éã®æ çµã¿ã確ç«ããŠããŸããäžè¬é£åæ³ã®äž»èŠãªååã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
- é£åå®å šè²¬ä»»: é£åå®å šã®äž»èŠãªè²¬ä»»ã¯ãé£åäºæ¥è ã«ããã
- ãã¬ãŒãµããªãã£: é£åäºæ¥è ã¯ããµãã©ã€ãã§ãŒã³ã«ãããŠèªç€Ÿã®è£œåã1段éåé²ããã³1段éåŸéã§è¿œè·¡ã§ããå¿ èŠãããã
- ãªã¹ã¯åæ: é£åå®å šã«é¢ããæ±ºå®ã¯ãç§åŠçãªãªã¹ã¯åæã«åºã¥ãå¿ èŠãããã
- äºé²åå: ãªã¹ã¯ã«é¢ããæ±ºå®çãªç§åŠç蚌æ ããªãå Žåã§ããäºé²æªçœ®ãåãããããšãããã
- é£å屿©ç®¡ç: é£åå®å šå±æ©ã管çããããã®æé ã
äžè¬é£åæ³ã¯ãé£åè¡çãé£åæ·»å ç©ãæ±æç©è³ªã衚瀺ãªã©ãç¹å®ã®é£åå®å šåé¡ã«é¢ããä»ã®å€ãã®EUèŠåããã³æä»€ã«ãã£ãŠè£å®ãããŠããŸããEUã§äºæ¥ãå±éããäŒæ¥ã¯ãäžè¬é£åæ³ããã³é©çšããããã¹ãŠã®EUèŠåã«åŸ¹åºçã«ç²ŸéããŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
4. ãã®ä»ã®åœããã³å°åã®èŠå¶
äžèšã«å ããŠãä»ã®å€ãã®åœãå°åãç¬èªã®é£åå®å šèŠå¶ãæã£ãŠããŸããããã€ãã®äŸãæããŸãã
- ã«ãã: ã«ããé£åå®å šèŠå (SFCR)
- ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ããã³ãã¥ãŒãžãŒã©ã³ã: é£ååºæºæ³
- æ¥æ¬: é£åè¡çæ³
- äžåœ: é£åå®å šæ³
é£åäºæ¥è ã«ãšã£ãŠãäºæ¥ãå±éããååœã®ç¹å®èŠå¶ã調æ»ããéµå®ããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããèŠå¶ã¯å€§ããç°ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããäžéµå®ã¯æ·±å»ãªçœ°åã«ã€ãªããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããäŸãã°ãéºäŒåçµã¿æã (GM) é£åã«é¢ããèŠå¶ã¯åœã«ãã£ãŠå€§ããç°ãªãã衚瀺ãèŒžå ¥èŠä»¶ã«çްå¿ã®æ³šæãæãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
é£åå®å šãããžã¡ã³ãã·ã¹ãã ã®å°å ¥
å ç¢ãªé£åå®å šãããžã¡ã³ãã·ã¹ãã (FSMS) ã¯ãäžçã®é£åå®å šèŠå¶ãžã®æºæ ã確ä¿ããæ¶è²»è ãä¿è·ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããFSMSã¯ãé£åçç£ããã»ã¹å šäœã«ãããé£åå®å šå±å®³ãç¹å®ã管çããããã®äœç³»çãªã¢ãããŒãã§ããFSMSã®äž»èŠãªèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãã
1. å±å®³åæããã³éèŠç®¡çç¹ (HACCP)
HACCPã¯ãé£åå®å šå±å®³ãç¹å®ãè©äŸ¡ãããã³ç®¡çããããã®äœç³»çãªã¢ãããŒãã§ããããã¯é£åå®å šã確ä¿ããããã®åºãèªç¥ãããåãå ¥ããããŠããæ¹æ³ã§ãããå€ãã®é£åå®å šèŠå¶ã«ãã£ãŠçŸ©åä»ããããŠããŸããHACCPã®7ååã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
- å±å®³åæã宿œããã
- éèŠç®¡çç¹ (CCP) ãç¹å®ããã
- åCCPã®éçåºæºãèšå®ããã
- ç£èŠæé ãèšå®ããã
- æ¯æ£æªçœ®ãèšå®ããã
- æ€èšŒæé ãèšå®ããã
- èšé²ä¿æããã³ææžåæé ãèšå®ããã
HACCPã®ååã¯ãå°èŠæš¡ãªã¬ã¹ãã©ã³ããå€§èŠæš¡ãªè£œé æœèšãŸã§ãããããçš®é¡ã®é£åäºæ¥ã«é©çšå¯èœã§ããé©åã«èšèšããå®è¡ãããHACCPèšç»ã¯ãé£äžæ¯ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãå€§å¹ ã«äœæžããããšãã§ããŸããäŸãã°ããžã¥ãŒã¹è£œé æ¥è ã¯ã埮çç©åŠçå±å®³ã管çããããã®CCPãšããŠæ®ºèãç¹å®ãããããããŸããã
2. 驿£è£œé èŠç¯ (GMPs)
驿£è£œé èŠç¯ (GMPs)ã¯ãé£åãåè³ªåºæºã«åŸã£ãŠäžè²«ããŠçç£ããã³ç®¡çãããããšãä¿èšŒããããã®äžé£ã®ã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ãšæé ã§ããGMPsã¯ãé£åçç£ã®æ§ã ãªåŽé¢ãã«ããŒããŠããŸããããã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- æœèšèšèšãšç¶æç®¡ç
- èšåèšèšãšç¶æç®¡ç
- å人ã®è¡ç
- åææã®åãæ±ã
- å 工管ç
- å è£ ãšè¡šç€º
- ä¿ç®¡ãšæµé
- 害è«é§é€
GMPsã®é å®ã¯ãæž æœã§è¡ççãªé£åçç£ç°å¢ãç¶æããé£åã®æ±æãé²ãããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã宿çãªæž æããã³è¡çã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ãè¡çã«é¢ããåŸæ¥å¡ç ä¿®ãé©åãªå»æ£ç©åŠçã¯ãã¹ãŠGMPsã®äŸã§ãã
3. ãã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ã·ã¹ãã
ãã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ãšã¯ããµãã©ã€ãã§ãŒã³å šäœãããªãã¡åç£å°ããæ¶è²»è ãŸã§é£åã远跡ããèœåã§ããå ç¢ãªãã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããé£åäºæ¥è ã¯é£åå®å šåé¡ãçºçããå Žåã«ã圱é¿ãåãã補åãè¿ éã«ç¹å®ãéé¢ããããšãã§ããæ¶è²»è ãžã®åœ±é¿ãæå°éã«æããŸãããã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ã·ã¹ãã ã®äž»èŠãªèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- é£åã®åºæèå¥
- 補åç§»åã®èšé²
- äŸçµŠæ¥è ãå å·¥æ¥è ãæµéæ¥è ã®éã®æ å ±é£æº
- 補åãåæ¹ããã³åŸæ¹ã«è¿œè·¡ããããã®æé
æ¶è²»è ãéææ§ãšèª¬æè²¬ä»»ã®åäžãæ±ããäžãã°ããŒãã«ãªé£åç£æ¥ã«ãããŠãã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãŸããŸãéèŠã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããäŸãã°ãæ±æãããã»ãããèã®ãããã®èµ·æºãæ œå¹ãããèŸ²å ŽãŸã§è¿œè·¡ããããšãªã©ãæããããŸãã
4. ãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒç®¡ç
广çãªãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒç®¡çã¯ãåææãæåã®å®å šæ§ãšå質ã確ä¿ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããé£åäºæ¥è ã¯ããµãã©ã€ã€ãŒãè©äŸ¡ã»æ¿èªãããã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãç£èŠããé£åå®å šåºæºãžã®æºæ ã確èªããããã®ç£æ»ã宿œããæé ã確ç«ãã¹ãã§ãããµãã©ã€ã€ãŒç®¡çã®äž»èŠãªèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- ãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒè³ªå祚ãšèªå·±è©äŸ¡
- ãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒæœèšã®ãªã³ãµã€ãç£æ»
- ãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒã®èªèšŒãšææžã®ç¢ºèª
- åææãšæåã®ãã¹ã
- ãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒã®äžé©åã«å¯Ÿããæ¯æ£æªçœ®æé
ãµãã©ã€ã€ãŒãšã®åŒ·åºãªé¢ä¿ãç¯ããé£åå®å šæ £è¡ãæ¹åããããã«ååããããšã¯ãå®å šã§ä¿¡é Œã§ãããµãã©ã€ãã§ãŒã³ã確ä¿ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããµãã©ã€ã€ãŒã®å®æçãªç£æ»ããã®èªèšŒïŒäŸïŒISO 22000ïŒã®ç¢ºèªã¯ããµãã©ã€ã€ãŒç®¡çã®éèŠãªåŽé¢ã§ãã
ã°ããŒãã«ãªé£åå®å šã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ã®ããã®æŠç¥
äžçã®é£åå®å šèŠå¶ã®è€éãªç¶æ³ãä¹ãåãããšã¯å°é£ã䌎ããŸããé£åäºæ¥è ãã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ãéæãç¶æããããã®æŠç¥ãããã€ãã玹ä»ããŸãã
1. èŠå¶å€æŽã«é¢ããæ å ±åé
é£åå®å šèŠå¶ã¯åžžã«é²åããŠããŸããäºæ¥ãå±éããååœãŸãã¯å°åã®èŠå¶å€æŽã«ã€ããŠåžžã«æ å ±ãåŸãããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããæ¥çã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã¬ã¿ãŒã賌èªããããäŒè°ã«åå ããããèŠå¶ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒãã«åå ãããããŠãææ°ã®ååãææ¡ããŸããããèŠå¶æ©é¢ã¯ãã°ãã°ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã§æŽæ°æ å ±ãã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ææžãå ¬éããŠããŸãã
2. èŠå¶ã®ã£ããåæã®å®æœ
èŠå¶ã®ã£ããåæã¯ãçŸåšã®é£åå®å šæ £è¡ãšé©çšãããèŠå¶ã®èŠä»¶ãšã®éã®çžéãç¹å®ããŸãããã®åæã¯ãæ¹åãã¹ãé åãåªå é äœä»ãããã®ã£ãããåããããã®èšç»ãçå®ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããããã«ã¯ãèªç€Ÿã®HACCPèšç»ãç¹å®ã®åœã®é£åå®å šæ³ã®èŠä»¶ãšæ¯èŒããããšãå«ãŸããå ŽåããããŸãã
3. å æ¬çãªé£åå®å šèšç»ã®çå®
å æ¬çãªé£åå®å šèšç»ã¯ãé£åå®å šå±å®³ã管çããèŠå¶ãžã®æºæ ã確ä¿ããããã®çµç¹ã®ã¢ãããŒããæŠèª¬ããŸãããã®èšç»ã«ã¯ãHACCPãGMPsããã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ããµãã©ã€ã€ãŒç®¡çãããã³ãã®ä»ã®é¢é£åéã®æé ãå«ããã¹ãã§ããèŠå¶ãæ¥åã®å€æŽãåæ ããããã«ãèšç»ã宿çã«èŠçŽããæŽæ°ããŠãã ããã
4. åŸæ¥å¡ãžã®ç ä¿®æäŸ
åŸæ¥å¡ç ä¿®ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®æ åœè ãé£åå®å šãç¶æããäžã§ã®åèªã®åœ¹å²ãšè²¬ä»»ãçè§£ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããè¡çãæž æãHACCPãGMPsãªã©ã®ãããã¯ã«ã€ããŠå®æçãªç ä¿®ãæäŸããŠãã ãããååŸæ¥å¡ã®ç¹å®ã®æ¥åãšè²¬ä»»ã«åãããŠç ä¿®ã調æŽããŠãã ãããèŠå¶èŠä»¶ãžã®æºæ ã瀺ãããã«ãç ä¿®èšé²ãä¿ç®¡ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
5. é£åå®å šèªèšŒã®ååŸ
é£åå®å šèªèšŒã¯ãé£åå®å šãžã®ã³ãããã¡ã³ããšãèªç¥ãããåºæºãžã®æºæ ã瀺ããã®ã§ããISO 22000ãBRCGSãSQFãªã©ãããã€ãã®èªèšŒã¹ããŒã ãå©çšå¯èœã§ããèªèšŒã¯é¡§å®¢ãèŠå¶åœå±ã«å¯Ÿããä¿¡é Œæ§ãé«ããäžéšã®å°å£²æ¥è ãæµéæ¥è ã«ãã£ãŠçŸ©åä»ããããå ŽåããããŸããã°ããŒãã«é£åå®å šã€ãã·ã¢ãã£ã (GFSI) ã«ãã£ãŠèªããããèªèšŒã¹ããŒã ãéžæããããšã¯ããã°ãã°æçã§ãã
6. å®æç£æ»ã®å®æœ
å®æç£æ»ã¯ãé£åå®å šãããžã¡ã³ãã·ã¹ãã ã®æå¹æ§ãæ€èšŒããæ¹åãã¹ãé åãç¹å®ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããèŠå¶ãžã®æºæ ãè©äŸ¡ããã·ã¹ãã å ã®æœåšçãªåŒ±ç¹ãç¹å®ããããã«ãå éšç£æ»ãšå€éšç£æ»ã®äž¡æ¹ã宿œããŠãã ãããç£æ»çµæã掻çšããŠæ¯æ£æªçœ®ãè¬ããå°æ¥ã®åé¡ã鲿¢ããŠãã ãããç£æ»ã¯ãé£åå®å šèŠå¶ã«é¢ããå°éç¥èãæã€è³æ Œã®ããç£æ»å¡ã«ãã£ãŠå®æœãããã¹ãã§ãã
7. ãã¯ãããžãŒãžã®æè³
ãã¯ãããžãŒã¯ãé£åå®å šãšã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ã®åäžã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæããããšãã§ããŸããå¹çæ§ãæ£ç¢ºæ§ããã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ãåäžãããããã«ãã»ã³ãµãŒããŒã¹ã®ç£èŠã·ã¹ãã ãé»åèšé²ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ãããŒã¿åæããŒã«ãªã©ã®ãã¯ãããžãŒãå°å ¥ããŠãã ãããäŸãã°ããµãã©ã€ãã§ãŒã³å šäœã§é£åã远跡ããããã«ãããã¯ãã§ãŒã³æè¡ã䜿çšããããšãªã©ãæããããŸãã
äžçã®é£åå®å šã«ããããªã¹ã¯ç®¡ç
é£åå®å šãªã¹ã¯ã广çã«ç®¡çããããšã¯ãæ¶è²»è ãä¿è·ããäºæ¥ç¶ç¶æ§ãç¶æããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããå ç¢ãªãªã¹ã¯ç®¡çããã°ã©ã ã«ã¯ã以äžã®èŠçŽ ãå«ãŸããã¹ãã§ãã
1. å±å®³ç¹å®
é£åçç£ããã»ã¹å šäœã§çºçããå¯èœæ§ã®ããæœåšçãªé£åå®å šå±å®³ãç¹å®ããŸããå±å®³ã¯ãçç©åŠçïŒäŸïŒçްèããŠã€ã«ã¹ãå¯çè«ïŒãååŠçïŒäŸïŒèŸ²è¬ãæ¯çŽ ãã¢ã¬ã«ã²ã³ïŒããŸãã¯ç©ççïŒäŸïŒéå±çãã¬ã©ã¹ïŒã§ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã¹ãŠã®æœåšçãªå±å®³ãç¹å®ãããã®çºçå¯èœæ§ãšé倧床ãè©äŸ¡ããããã«ã培åºçãªå±å®³åæã宿œããŠãã ããã
2. ãªã¹ã¯è©äŸ¡
ç¹å®ãããåå±å®³ã«é¢é£ãããªã¹ã¯ãè©äŸ¡ããŸããå±å®³ãçºçããå¯èœæ§ãšæ¶è²»è ãžã®æœåšçãªåœ±é¿ãèæ ®ããŠãã ããããªã¹ã¯è©äŸ¡ãããªãã¯ã¹ã䜿çšããŠããªã¹ã¯ã¬ãã«ã«åºã¥ããŠå±å®³ãåªå é äœä»ãããŸããæããªã¹ã¯ã®é«ãå±å®³ã®ç®¡çããåªå çã«åãçµã¿ãŸãããã
3. ãªã¹ã¯ç®¡ç
ç¹å®ããããªã¹ã¯ã鲿¢ãŸãã¯æå°åããããã®ç®¡çæªçœ®ã宿œããŸããç®¡çæªçœ®ã«ã¯ãHACCPãGMPsãªã©ã®äºé²ç®¡ççã®ã»ãã確ç«ãããåºæºããã®éžè±ã«å¯ŸåŠããããã®æ¯æ£æªçœ®ãå«ãŸããŸããç®¡çæªçœ®ã广çã§é©åã«å®æœãããŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
4. ç£èŠãšæ€èšŒ
ç®¡çæªçœ®ã®æå¹æ§ãç£èŠããæå³ãããšããã«æ©èœããŠããããšãæ€èšŒããŸãã確ç«ãããåºæºãžã®æºæ ãè©äŸ¡ããããã«ã宿çãªãã¹ããæ€æ»ãç£æ»ã宿œããŠãã ãããåéããããŒã¿ã䜿çšããŠåŸåãšãã¿ãŒã³ãç¹å®ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠç®¡çæªçœ®ã調æŽããŸãã
5. 屿©ç®¡ç
é£åå®å šäºè±¡ã«å¹æçã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã®å±æ©ç®¡çèšç»ãçå®ããŸããèšç»ã«ã¯ãé£åå®å šå±æ©ãç¹å®ãå°ã蟌ãã解決ããããã®æé ãæŠèª¬ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããŸããæ¶è²»è ãèŠå¶åœå±ããã®ä»ã®å©å®³é¢ä¿è ã«æ å ±ãæäŸããããã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãããã³ã«ãå«ãŸããã¹ãã§ãã屿©ç®¡çèšç»ã宿çã«ãã¹ãããæŽæ°ããŠããã®æå¹æ§ã確ä¿ããŠãã ããã
äžçã®é£åå®å šã®æªæ¥
äžçã®é£åå®å šã®æªæ¥ã¯ãããã€ãã®äž»èŠãªãã¬ã³ãã«ãã£ãŠåœ¢æãããã§ãããããããã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- ã°ããŒãã«åã®å é: é£åãµãã©ã€ãã§ãŒã³ããŸããŸãã°ããŒãã«åããã«ã€ããŠã調åãããé£åå®å šåºæºãšèŠå¶ã®å¿ èŠæ§ã¯ããã«éèŠã«ãªããŸãã
- æè¡ã®é²æ©: ãããã¯ãã§ãŒã³ã人工ç¥èœãã»ã³ãµãŒããŒã¹ã®ç£èŠã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ã®æ°æè¡ã¯ãé£åå®å šãšãã¬ãŒãµããªãã£ã®åäžã«ãããŠãŸããŸã倧ããªåœ¹å²ãæããã§ãããã
- å€åããæ¶è²»è ã®æåŸ : æ¶è²»è ã¯é£åã®å®å šæ§ãšéææ§ã«é¢ããŠããå³ããèŠæ±ãããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã圌ãã¯é£åäºæ¥è ãå®å šã§é«å質ãªè£œåãæäŸãããã®èª¿éããã³çç£æ £è¡ã«ã€ããŠéæã§ããããšãæåŸ ããŠããŸãã
- æ°åå€å: æ°åå€åã¯é£åçç£ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããé£äžæ¯ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãé«ããŠããŸããæ°æž©ã®äžæãéæ°Žãã¿ãŒã³ã®å€åã¯ãç åäœã®å¢æ®ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããé£ååªä»æ§çŸæ£ã®æ¡æ£ãå¢å ãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ãããã®èª²é¡ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã«ãé£åäºæ¥è ã¯é©æ°çãªé£åå®å šãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«æè³ãããµãã©ã€ãã§ãŒã³å šäœã®å©å®³é¢ä¿è ãšååããé£åå®å šç§åŠãšæè¡ã®ææ°ã®ååã«ã€ããŠæ å ±ãåŸãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
çµè«
äžçã®é£åå®å šèŠå¶ãä¹ãåãããšã¯ãåœéçã«äºæ¥ãå±éããé£åäºæ¥è ã«ãšã£ãŠè€éã§ã¯ãããäžå¯æ¬ ãªä»»åã§ããäž»èŠãªèŠå¶ãšåºæºãçè§£ããå ç¢ãªé£åå®å šãããžã¡ã³ãã·ã¹ãã ãå°å ¥ãããªã¹ã¯ã广çã«ç®¡çããããšã«ãããé£åäºæ¥è ã¯æ¶è²»è ãä¿è·ããè©å€ãç¶æããã°ããŒãã«åžå Žã§ã®é·æçãªæåã確ä¿ããããšãã§ããŸããçµ¶ãéãªãåŠç¿ãšé©å¿ã¯ãæä»£ã®å ãè¡ããé£åç£æ¥ã®é²åãã課é¡ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã