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- ãã¹ãã®å®è¡ïŒ åãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠããã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãå šäœïŒãŸãã¯é¢é£ãããµãã»ããïŒãå®è¡ãããŸãã
- çµæã®åæïŒ
- ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠå°ãªããšã1ã€ã®ãã¹ãã倱æããå Žåããã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ããã«ãããããšèŠãªãããŸããããã¯è¯å®çãªçµæã§ãããããªãã®ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãããã®ç¹å®ã®æ¯ãèãã®å€åãæ€åºã§ããã»ã©åŒ·åã§ããããšã瀺ããŠããŸãã
- ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠãã¹ãŠã®ãã¹ãããã¹ããå Žåããã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ãçãæ®ã£ãããšèŠãªãããŸããããã¯åŠå®çãªçµæã§ããçãæ®ã£ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ãããªãã®ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«ãã£ãŠå°å ¥ããã倿Žãæ€åºããã®ã«ååå ç¢ã§ãªãããšãæå³ããŸããããã¯ãã¹ãã®æœåšçãªåŒ±ç¹ã瀺åããŠããããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«äŒŒãå®éã®æ¬ é¥ãæ¬çªã³ãŒãã«ååšããæ€åºãããªãå¯èœæ§ãããããšãæå³ããŸãã
- 匱ç¹ã®ç¹å®ïŒ çãæ®ã£ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ããã¹ãã®æ¹åãå¿ èŠãªé åãæµ®ã圫ãã«ããŸããæ°ãããã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ã远å ããããæ¢åã®ã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ã匷åãããããã¹ãããŒã¿ãæ¹è¯ãããããå¿ èŠããããããããŸããã
ããã¯ããã¹ãã«æãæã¡ã¯ã€ãºãåãããããããªãã®ã§ãããã¹ãããééã£ããçãïŒãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãïŒãæ£ããèå¥ããã°ãã¯ã€ãºã«åæ ŒããŸããééã£ãçããèå¥ã§ããªããã°ãããå€ãã®ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ïŒãã匷åãªãã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ïŒãå¿ èŠã§ãã
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã®åºæ¬ååãšããã»ã¹
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ããå®è£ ããã«ã¯ãäœç³»çãªããã»ã¹ãå¿ èŠã§ããã广çã§ããããã«ã¯ç¹å®ã®ååã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã
1. ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãªãã¬ãŒã¿
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ã¯ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããäœæããããã«ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã«é©çšãããäºåå®çŸ©ãããã«ãŒã«ãŸãã¯å€æã§ãããããã¯ãäžè¬çãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãšã©ãŒãããžãã¯ã®åŸ®åŠãªããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãæš¡å£ããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸããäžè¬çãªã«ããŽãªã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãïŒ
- ç®è¡æŒç®å眮æ (AOR): ç®è¡æŒç®åã倿ŽããŸããäŸïŒ
a + bãa - bãa * bã«ãªããŸãã - é¢ä¿æŒç®å眮æ (ROR): é¢ä¿æŒç®åã倿ŽããŸããäŸïŒ
a > bãa < bãa == bã«ãªããŸãã - æ¡ä»¶æŒç®å眮æ (COR): è«çæŒç®åã倿ŽããŸããäŸïŒ
a && bãa || bã«ãªããŸãã - æã®åé€ (SDL): æå šäœãåé€ããŸããäŸïŒ 倿°ãåæåãããã颿°ãåŒã³åºãããããè¡ãåé€ããŸãã
- 宿°çœ®æ (CR): ãªãã©ã«å®æ°ã倿ŽããŸããäŸïŒ
int x = 10;ãint x = 0;ãint x = 1;ã«ãªããŸãã - 倿°çœ®æ (VR): ã¹ã³ãŒãå
ã®å¥ã®å€æ°ã§çœ®ãæããŸããäŸïŒ
result = x;ãresult = y;ã«ãªããŸãã - æ¡ä»¶åŠå®æŒç®å (NCO): æ¡ä»¶ã®ççå€ã倿ŽããŸããäŸïŒ
if (condition)ãif (!condition)ã«ãªããŸãã - ã¡ãœããåŒã³åºã眮æ (MCR): ã¡ãœããåŒã³åºããå¥ã®ãã®ã«çœ®ãæããŸãïŒäŸïŒ
list.add()ãlist.remove()ãnullã«ïŒã - å¢çå€ã®å€æŽ: å¢çæ¡ä»¶ã倿ŽããŸããäŸïŒ
i <= limitãi < limitã«ãªããŸãã
äŸ (Java颚ã®ç䌌ã³ãŒã):
public int calculateDiscount(int price, int discountPercentage) {
if (price > 100) {
return price - (price * discountPercentage / 100);
} else {
return price;
}
}
price > 100 æ¡ä»¶ã«å¯Ÿããå¯èœãªãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ã (RORã䜿çš):
- ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ã1:
if (price < 100) - ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ã2:
if (price >= 100) - ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ã3:
if (price == 100)
匷åãªãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãã«ã¯ãprice ã100ã«çããå Žåã100ããããã«è¶
ããå Žåã100ããããã«äžåãå Žåãå
·äœçã«ã«ããŒãããã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ãå«ãŸãããããã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã確å®ã«ãã«ãããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
2. ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ (ãŸãã¯ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã«ãã¬ããž)
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãããåŸãããäž»èŠãªææšã¯ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ã§ããã°ãã°ããŒã»ã³ããŒãžã§è¡šãããŸããããã¯ããã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãã«ãã£ãŠãã«ããããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã®å²åã瀺ããŸãã
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ = (ãã«ããããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã®æ° / (ç·ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãæ° - ç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãæ°)) * 100
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ãé«ãã»ã©ããã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãããã广çã§å ç¢ã§ããããšãæå³ããŸãã100%ã®å®ç§ãªã¹ã³ã¢ã¯ãå°å ¥ããããã¹ãŠã®åŸ®åŠãªå€æŽã«å¯ŸããŠããã¹ãããããæ€åºã§ããããšãæå³ããŸãã
3. ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã®ã¯ãŒã¯ãããŒ
- ããŒã¹ã©ã€ã³ãã¹ãå®è¡ïŒ æ¢åã®ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒããå ã®ã倿ŽãããŠããªãã³ãŒããã¹ãŠã«ãã¹ããããšã確èªããŸããããã«ããããã¹ããå ã 倱æããŠããªãããšãæ€èšŒããŸãã
- ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãçæïŒ ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãããŒã«ããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããè§£æããæ§ã ãªãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ãé©çšããŠã倿°ã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãããŒãžã§ã³ã®ã³ãŒããäœæããŸãã
- ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã§ã®ãã¹ãå®è¡ïŒ çæãããåãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠããã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒããå®è¡ãããŸãããã®ã¹ãããã¯ãäœåãã®ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãããããŒãžã§ã³ã«å¯ŸããŠã³ã³ãã€ã«ãšãã¹ããå®è¡ãããããæãæéããããããšãå€ãã§ãã
- çµæåæïŒ ããŒã«ã¯ãåãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã®ãã¹ãçµæãããŒã¹ã©ã€ã³å®è¡ãšæ¯èŒããŸãã
- ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠãã¹ãã倱æããå Žåããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ããã«ããããŸãã
- ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠãã¹ãŠã®ãã¹ãããã¹ããå Žåããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ãçãæ®ãããŸãã
- äžéšã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ãç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããïŒåŸè¿°ïŒã§ããå¯èœæ§ãããããããã¯ãã«ã§ããŸããã
- ã¬ããŒãçæïŒ çãæ®ã£ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãããããã圱é¿ããã³ãŒãè¡ã䜿çšãããç¹å®ã®ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ã匷調衚瀺ããå æ¬çãªã¬ããŒããçæãããŸãã
- ãã¹ãæ¹åïŒ éçºè
ãšQAãšã³ãžãã¢ã¯çãæ®ã£ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããåæããŸããçãæ®ã£ãåãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«ã€ããŠã圌ãã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããããè¡ããŸãïŒ
- ããããã«ããããã«æ°ãããã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ã远å ããã
- æ¢åã®ãã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ãæ¹åããŠããã广çã«ããã
- ããããç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãããšããŠç¹å®ãããã®ããã«ããŒã¯ããïŒãã ããããã¯çšã§ãããæ éã«æ€èšããå¿ èŠããããŸãïŒã
- ååŸ©ïŒ éèŠãªã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§èš±å®¹å¯èœãªãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ãéæããããŸã§ããã®ããã»ã¹ãç¹°ãè¿ãããŸãã
ãªããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ããåãå ¥ããã®ãïŒ ãã®æ·±é ãªå©ç¹ãæããã«ãã
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã®æ¡çšã¯ããã®èª²é¡ã«ãããããããã°ããŒãã«ãªã³ã³ããã¹ãã§æŽ»åãããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºããŒã ã«é åçãªå©ç¹ãæäŸããŸãã
1. ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãã®æå¹æ§ãšå質ã®åäž
ãããæãçŽæ¥çã§äž»èŠãªå©ç¹ã§ãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯ãã©ã®ã³ãŒããã«ããŒãããŠããããæããã ãã§ãªãããã¹ããæå³ã®ãããã®ãã©ãããæããŸããã³ãŒããã¹ãå®è¡ãããã®ã®ãæ¯ãèãã®å€åãæ€åºããããã«å¿ èŠãªã¢ãµãŒã·ã§ã³ãæ¬ ããŠããã匱ãããã¹ããæŽé²ããŸããåäžã®ã³ãŒãããŒã¹ã§ååããåœéçãªããŒã ã«ãšã£ãŠããã¹ãå質ã«é¢ãããã®å ±éã®çè§£ã¯éåžžã«è²Žéã§ããã誰ããå ç¢ãªãã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ã«è²¢ç®ããããšãä¿èšŒããŸãã
2. åªããæ¬ 饿€åºèœå
ãã¹ãã«åŸ®åŠãªã³ãŒã倿Žãèå¥ãããããšã§ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯ãããã§ãªããã°æ¬çªç°å¢ã«çŽã蟌ãå¯èœæ§ã®ãããå®éã®åŸ®åŠãªãã°ããã£ããããå¯èœæ§ã鿥çã«é«ããŸãããããã¯ããªããã€ã¯ã³ãšã©ãŒãäžæ£ç¢ºãªè«çæ¡ä»¶ããŸãã¯å¿ãããããšããžã±ãŒã¹ãªã©ã§ããéèãèªåè»ãªã©ãäžçäžã§ã³ã³ãã©ã€ã¢ã³ã¹ãšå®å šæ§ãéèŠãªèŠå¶ã®å³ããæ¥çã§ã¯ããã®åŒ·åãããæ€åºèœåã¯äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
3. ããé«ãã³ãŒãå質ãšèšèšãæšé²
èªåãã¡ã®ã³ãŒãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã«ãªãããšãç¥ãããšã§ãéçºè ã¯ãããã¹ãå¯èœã§ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«åãããè€éãã®å°ãªãã³ãŒããæžãããã«ãªããŸããå€ãã®æ¡ä»¶åå²ãæã€éåžžã«è€éãªã¡ãœããã¯ãããå€ãã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããçæããé«ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ãéæããã®ãé£ããããŸããããã¯ã倿§ãªéçºããŒã å šäœã§æ®éçã«æçãªãããã¯ãªãŒã³ãªã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãšããè¯ãèšèšãã¿ãŒã³ãæé»çã«ä¿é²ããŸãã
4. ã³ãŒãã®æ¯ãèãã«å¯Ÿããæ·±ãçè§£
çãæ®ã£ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããåæããããšã§ãéçºè ã¯ã³ãŒãã®æåŸ ãããæ¯ãèããšãããçµãå¯èœæ§ã®ããé åã«ã€ããŠæ¹å€çã«èããããšã匷ããããŸããããã«ãããã·ã¹ãã ã®ããžãã¯ãšäŸåé¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã®çè§£ãæ·±ãŸããããææ ®æ·±ãéçºãšãã¹ãæŠç¥ã«ã€ãªãããŸãããã®å ±æãããç¥èããŒã¹ã¯ã忣ããããŒã ã«ãšã£ãŠç¹ã«æçšã§ãããã³ãŒãæ©èœã®èª€è§£ãæžãããŸãã
5. æè¡çè² åµã®åæž
ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãã®äžåãã²ããŠã¯ã³ãŒãã®æœåšçãªåŒ±ç¹ãç©æ¥µçã«ç¹å®ããããšã§ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯å°æ¥ã®æè¡çè² åµãåæžããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããä»ãå ç¢ãªãã¹ãã«æè³ããããšã¯ãå°æ¥ã®äºæãã¬ãã°ãã³ã¹ãã®ãããæçŽããæžãããã°ããŒãã«ãªã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãšæ°æ©èœéçºã®ããã®ãªãœãŒã¹ãè§£æŸããããšãæå³ããŸãã
6. ãªãªãŒã¹ã«å¯Ÿããä¿¡é Œæ§ã®åäž
éèŠãªã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã§é«ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ãéæããããšã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãæ¬çªç°å¢ã§æåŸ éãã«æ¯ãèããšããé«åºŠãªä¿¡é Œæ§ãæäŸããŸãããã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã¯ã倿§ãªãŠãŒã¶ãŒç°å¢ãšäºæãã¬ãšããžã±ãŒã¹ãäžè¬çãªã°ããŒãã«ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå±éããéã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããç¶ç¶çããªããªãŒãšè¿ éãªã€ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«äŒŽããªã¹ã¯ãäœæžããŸãã
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãå®è£ ã«ããã課é¡ãšèæ ®äºé
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1. èšç®ã³ã¹ããšå®è¡æé
ããã¯ééããªãæå€§ã®èª²é¡ã§ããäœåããããã¯äœçŸäžãã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã«å¯ŸããŠãã¹ããçæãå®è¡ããããšã¯ãéåžžã«æéããããããªãœãŒã¹ã倧éã«æ¶è²»ããŸããå€§èŠæš¡ãªã³ãŒãããŒã¹ã§ã¯ãå®å šãªãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã®å®è¡ã«ã¯æ°æéããããã¯æ°æ¥ãããããšããããç¶ç¶çã€ã³ãã°ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã€ãã©ã€ã³ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ã³ãããã§å®è¡ããã®ã¯éçŸå®çã§ãã
ç·©åæŠç¥ïŒ
- éžæçãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒ éèŠãªã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãé »ç¹ã«å€æŽãããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«ã®ã¿ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ããé©çšããŸãã
- ãµã³ããªã³ã°ïŒ ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ã®ãµãã»ããããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã®ãµã³ãã«ã䜿çšããŸãã
- 䞊åå®è¡ïŒ ã¯ã©ãŠãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã忣ã·ã¹ãã ãæŽ»çšããŠãè€æ°ã®ãã·ã³ã§åæã«ãã¹ããå®è¡ããŸããStryker.NETãPITã®ãããªããŒã«ã¯äžŠåå®è¡çšã«èšå®ã§ããŸãã
- ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ã¿ã«ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãïŒ ååã®å®è¡ä»¥éã«å€æŽãããã³ãŒãã®ã¿ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŠãã¹ãããŸãã
2. ãç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã
ç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããšã¯ãã³ãŒãã«å€æŽãå ããããã«ããããããããã¹ãŠã®å¯èœãªå ¥åã«å¯ŸããŠå ã®ããã°ã©ã ãšå šãåãããã«åäœãããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã®ããšã§ããèšãæããã°ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããå ã®ããã°ã©ã ãšåºå¥ã§ãããã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ã¯ååšããŸããããããã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ããã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒããã©ãã»ã©åŒ·åã§ãã£ãŠãããã«ãããããšã¯ã§ããŸãããç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããç¹å®ããããšã¯ãäžè¬çã«ã¯æ±ºå®äžå¯èœãªåé¡ã§ãïŒåæ¢æ§åé¡ã«äŒŒãŠããŸãïŒãã€ãŸããããããã¹ãŠãèªåçã«å®å šã«ç¹å®ã§ããã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã¯ååšããŸããã
課é¡ïŒ ç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯çãæ®ã£ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã®ç·æ°ãèšããŸãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ãå®éãããäœãèŠããŠããŸããŸããããããç¹å®ããŠé€å€ããã«ã¯æåã§ã®æ€æ»ãå¿ èŠãšãªããããã¯æéãããããŸãã
ç·©åæŠç¥ïŒ
- äžéšã®é«åºŠãªãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãããŒã«ã¯ãç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã®äžè¬çãªãã¿ãŒã³ãç¹å®ããããšãããã¥ãŒãªã¹ãã£ã¯ã¹ãæ¡çšããŠããŸãã
- æ¬åœã«ææ§ãªã±ãŒã¹ã§ã¯æåã§ã®åæãå¿ èŠã«ãªãããšãå€ããããã¯å€§ããªåŽåã§ãã
- ç䟡ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããçæããå¯èœæ§ãäœããæã圱é¿åã®ãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãŸãã
3. ããŒã«ã®æç床ãšèšèªãµããŒã
å€ãã®äººæ°ã®ããèšèªã«ã¯ããŒã«ãååšããŸããããã®æçåºŠãšæ©èœã»ããã¯æ§ã ã§ããäžéšã®èšèªïŒJavaã®PITãªã©ïŒã«ã¯éåžžã«é«åºŠãªããŒã«ããããŸãããä»ã®èšèªã«ã¯ããåææ®µéã®ããŸãã¯æ©èœãå°ãªããªãã·ã§ã³ãããªãå ŽåããããŸããéžæããããŒã«ãæ¢åã®ãã«ãã·ã¹ãã ãCI/CDãã€ãã©ã€ã³ãšããŸãçµ±åã§ãããã確èªããããšã¯ã倿§ãªæè¡ã¹ã¿ãã¯ãæã€ã°ããŒãã«ããŒã ã«ãšã£ãŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
人æ°ã®ããŒã«ïŒ
- Java: PIT (Program Incremental Tester) ã¯ãé«éãªå®è¡ãšè¯å¥œãªçµ±åãæäŸããäž»èŠãªããŒã«ãšããŠåºãèªèãããŠããŸãã
- JavaScript/TypeScript: Stryker (æ§ã ãªJSãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã.NETãScalaããµããŒã) ã¯äººæ°ã®éžæè¢ã§ãã
- Python: MutPy, Mutant.
- C#: Stryker.NET.
- Go: Gomutate.
4. åŠç¿æ²ç·ãšããŒã ã®æ¡çš
ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯æ°ããæŠå¿µãšããã¹ãå質ã«ã€ããŠã®ç°ãªãèãæ¹ãå°å ¥ããŸããã³ãŒãã«ãã¬ããžã®ã¿ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãããšã«æ £ããŠããããŒã ã¯ããã®è»¢æãå°é£ã«æãããããããŸããããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã®ããªãããšãã©ã®ããã«ããéçºè ãšQAãšã³ãžãã¢ã«æè²ããããšããæåè£ã®æ¡çšã«ã¯äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
ç·©åçïŒ ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ãã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãããæç¢ºãªããã¥ã¡ã³ãã«æè³ããŸãããã€ããããããžã§ã¯ãããå§ããŠäŸ¡å€ãå®èšŒããå éšã®æ¯æè ãè²ãŠãŸãã
5. CI/CDããã³DevOpsãã€ãã©ã€ã³ãšã®çµ±å
ããŒã¹ã®éãã°ããŒãã«ãªéçºç°å¢ã§çã«å¹æçã§ããããã«ã¯ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ããç¶ç¶çã€ã³ãã°ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ããã³ç¶ç¶çããªããªãŒïŒCI/CDïŒãã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«çµ±åããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã¯ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³åæããã»ã¹ãèªååããçæ³çã«ã¯ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ã蚱容ã¬ãã«ãäžåã£ãå Žåã«ãã«ãã倱æãããããã®ãããå€ãèšå®ããããšãæå³ããŸãã
課é¡ïŒ åè¿°ã®å®è¡æéã®ããããã¹ãŠã®ã³ãããã«å®å šã«çµ±åããã®ã¯å°é£ã§ãã解決çãšããŠã¯ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ããããäœãé »åºŠïŒäŸãã°ãå€éãã«ããã¡ãžã£ãŒãªãªãŒã¹ã®åïŒã§ããŸãã¯ã³ãŒãã®ãµãã»ããã«å¯ŸããŠå®è¡ããããšããããããŸãã
å®çšçãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšçŸå®äžçã®ã·ããªãª
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1. éèŠã·ã¹ãã ã®éçº
èªç©ºå®å®ãèªåè»ãå»çæ©åšãéèãµãŒãã¹ãªã©ã®æ¥çã§ã¯ããã£ãäžã€ã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢æ¬ é¥ã壿» çãªçµæãæãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã人åœã®æå€±ãæ·±å»ãªéèããã«ãã£ãåºç¯å²ã®ã·ã¹ãã é害ãªã©ã§ãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯è¿œå ã®ä¿èšŒå±€ãæäŸããåŸæ¥ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯èŠéãããå¯èœæ§ã®ããäžæçãªãã°ãçºèŠããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããäŸãã°ãèªç©ºæ©ã®å¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ã§ããããå°ãããããããå°ãããçãããã«å€æŽãããšãç¹å®ã®å¢çæ¡ä»¶äžã§å±éºãªæåãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯ããã®ãããªãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ããäœæãããã¹ãã倱æããããšãæåŸ ããããšã§ããããèŠåããŸãã
2. ãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãããžã§ã¯ããšå ±æã©ã€ãã©ãª
äžçäžã®éçºè ã«äŸåãããŠãããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãããžã§ã¯ãã«ãšã£ãŠãã³ã¢ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å ç¢æ§ã¯æãéèŠã§ããã¡ã³ãããŒã¯ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã䜿çšããŠãè²¢ç®ã倿Žãæå³ãããªã°ã¬ãã·ã§ã³ãå°å ¥ããããæ¢åã®ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãã匱ãããããªãããšãä¿èšŒã§ããŸããããã«ãããå ±æã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã峿 Œã«ãã¹ããããŠããããšãç¥ãããšã§ãã°ããŒãã«ãªéçºè ã³ãã¥ããã£å ã§ã®ä¿¡é Œãè²ãã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
3. APIãšãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ã®éçº
APIãšãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ã掻çšããçŸä»£ã®ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã§ã¯ãåãµãŒãã¹ã¯èªå·±å®çµåã®ãŠãããã§ããåã ã®ãµãŒãã¹ãšãã®å¥çŽã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã確ä¿ããããšã¯äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯ãåãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ã®ã³ãŒãããŒã¹ã«ç¬ç«ããŠé©çšã§ãããã®å éšããžãã¯ãå ç¢ã§ãããAPIå¥çŽããã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠæ£ãã匷å¶ãããŠããããšãæ€èšŒããŸããããã¯ãç°ãªãããŒã ãç°ãªããµãŒãã¹ãææããå¯èœæ§ãããã°ããŒãã«ã«åæ£ããããŒã ã«ãšã£ãŠç¹ã«æçšã§ãããäžè²«ããåè³ªåºæºãä¿èšŒããŸãã
4. ãªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãªã³ã°ãšã¬ã¬ã·ãŒã³ãŒãã®ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹
æ¢åã®ã³ãŒãããªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãªã³ã°ããããã¬ã¬ã·ãŒã·ã¹ãã ã§äœæ¥ãããããéã«ã¯ãåžžã«æå³ããæ°ãããã°ãå°å ¥ãããªã¹ã¯ããããŸãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯ã»ãŒããã£ããããšããŠæ©èœããŸãããªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãªã³ã°ã®ååŸã§ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ããå®è¡ããããšã§ããã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠæããããã³ãŒãã®æ¬è³ªçãªæ¯ãèããå€ãããªãããšã確èªã§ããŸãããªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãªã³ã°åŸã«ãã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã³ã¢ãäœäžããå Žåãããã¯ãæ°ãããæ¯ãèããã«ããŒããããããŸãã¯ãå€ããæ¯ãèãããŸã æ£ããã¢ãµãŒããããŠããããšãä¿èšŒããããã«ããã¹ãã远å ãŸãã¯æ¹åããå¿ èŠãããããšã®åŒ·åãªææšã§ãã
5. é«ãªã¹ã¯æ©èœãŸãã¯è€éãªã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã
æ©å¯ããŒã¿ãæ±ããè€éãªèšç®ãå®è¡ããããŸãã¯è€éãªããžãã¹ããžãã¯ãå®è£ ãããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®ã©ã®éšåãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã®ææååè£ã§ããè€æ°ã®é貚ãšçšå¶ç®¡èœåºã§éå¶ãããŠããeã³ããŒã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã䜿çšããè€éãªäŸ¡æ Œèšå®ã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ãèããŠã¿ãŠãã ãããä¹ç®ãŸãã¯é€ç®æŒç®åã®å°ããªãšã©ãŒããäžçäžã§äžæ£ç¢ºãªäŸ¡æ Œèšå®ã«ã€ãªããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ãã¹ãã¯ããããã®éèŠãªèšç®ã®åšãã®åŒ±ããã¹ããç¹å®ã§ããŸãã
å ·äœäŸïŒç°¡åãªèšç®æ©é¢æ° (Python)
# Original Python function
def divide(numerator, denominator):
if denominator == 0:
raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero")
return numerator / denominator
# Original Test Case
def test_division_by_two():
assert divide(10, 2) == 5
ããã§ããã¥ãŒããŒã·ã§ã³ããŒã«ã denominator == 0 ã denominator != 0 ã«å€æŽããæŒç®åãé©çšãããšæ³åããŠã¿ãŸãããã
# Mutated Python function (Mutant 1)
def divide(numerator, denominator):
if denominator != 0:
raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero") # ãã®è¡ã¯denominator=0ã®å Žåã«å°éäžèœã«ãªã
return numerator / denominator
æ¢åã®ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãã« test_division_by_two() ããå«ãŸããŠããªãå Žåããã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯çãæ®ããŸãïŒãªããªããtest_division_by_two() 㯠denominator=2 ãæž¡ããŸãããããã§ããšã©ãŒã¯çºçããŸããããã®ãã¹ã㯠denominator == 0 ã®ãã¹ããã§ãã¯ããŠããŸããããã®çãæ®ã£ããã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ããã«ç§ãã¡ã«åããŸãïŒãããªãã®ãã¹ãã¹ã€ãŒãã«ã¯ãŒãé€ç®ã®ãã¹ãã±ãŒã¹ãæ¬ ããŠããŸãããassert raises(ValueError): divide(10, 0) ã远å ãããšããã®ãã¥ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ãã«ããããã¹ãã«ãã¬ããžãšå
ç¢æ§ã倧å¹
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1. å°ããå§ããŠåªå é äœãä»ãã
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