å€ä»£ãšãžããç¥è©±ã®é åçãªäžçãæãäžãããã¡ã©ãªã®ç¥èãªåœ¹å²ãšæ¥äžã«é¢ããç·»å¯ãªä¿¡ä»°ãæ¢æ±ããŸãã
æ°žé ã®æ¯é è ãšåœŒæ¹ã®æ ïŒãšãžããç¥è©±ã®ãã¡ã©ãªãšæ¥äžä¿¡ä»°ãæ¢ã
å€ä»£ãšãžããææã¯ãæè¡é©æ°ãšæåã®ç¯å°ãšããŠãæ°å幎ã«ãããäžçãé äºããŠããŸããããã®ç€ŸäŒã®äžå¿ã«ã¯ããã¡ã©ãªã®åœ¹å²ãšæ¥äžã«é¢ããä¿¡ä»°ãšæ·±ã絡ã¿åã£ããè€éãªç¥è©±äœç³»ããããŸããããã®èšäºã§ã¯ãç¥èãªæ¯é è ãšããŠã®ãã¡ã©ãªã®éèŠæ§ãšãæ°žé ã®é åãžã®æ ãæåãããããã«è¡ãããç·»å¯ãªæºåã«ã€ããŠæ¢ããŸãã
ãã¡ã©ãªïŒç¥èãªæ¯é è ã«ããŠä»²ä»è
å€ä»£ãšãžããã®æé«æ¯é è ã§ãããã¡ã©ãªã¯ãåãªãçã§ã¯ãªããçæš©ã®ç¥ã§ãããªã·ãªã¹ãšã€ã·ã¹ã®æ¯åã§ãããã€ããµé ã®ç¥ãã«ã¹ã®çŸäººç¥ãšä¿¡ããããŠããŸãããæ»åŸããã¡ã©ãªã¯å¥çã®ç¥ãªã·ãªã¹ã«å€èº«ãããšèããããŠããŸããããã®ãã«ã¹ãšãªã·ãªã¹ãšããäºéã®åœ¹å²ã¯ãçŸäžãšç¥ã ã®äžçãšãçµã¶éèŠãªç°ãšããŠã®åœŒãã®å°äœã確åºãããã®ã«ããŸããã
ãã®ç¥èçæš©ãšããæŠå¿µã¯ããšãžãã瀟äŒã®äžå¿ã§ããããã¡ã©ãªã®æš©åã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿçã§ãããæ¿æ²»ã宿ãè»äºã®æš©åšãç¶²çŸ ããŠããŸããã圌ãã¯ãçå®ãæ£çŸ©ãåè¡¡ã®å®å®çç§©åºã§ãããã¢ããç¶æãããšãžãããšãã®æ°ã®å¹žçŠãä¿èšŒãã責任ããããŸããããã¡ã©ãªã®è¡åã¯ããã€ã«å·ã®æ°Ÿæ¿«ãäœç©ã®åç©«éããããŠçåœã®å šäœçãªç¹æ ã«çŽæ¥åœ±é¿ãããšä¿¡ããããŠããŸããã
倪éœåç€ã§ããã¢ãã³ç¥ã®åŽæãå°å ¥ããããšã§ãšãžããã®å®æãæ¹é©ããããšãããã¢ã¯ãšã³ã¢ãã³ïŒã¢ã¡ã³ããã4äžïŒã®æ²»äžãèããŠã¿ãŸããããåœŒã®æ¹é©ã¯æ»åŸã«æçµçã«èŠãããŸãããã圌ã®è¡åã¯ãã¡ã©ãªã宿çã»æåçèŠç¯ãå圢æããã»ã©ã®çµ¶å€§ãªåãšåœ±é¿åãæã£ãŠããããšã瀺ããŠããŸããåæ§ã«ã女æ§ãã¡ã©ãªã§ãã£ãããã·ã§ãã¹ãã¯ãå®¶ç¶é·å¶ç€ŸäŒãå·§ã¿ã«ä¹ãããªãã20幎以äžã«ããã£ãŠçµ±æ²»ããéå¿çãªå»ºèšèšç»ãäŸé Œãããšãžããå²ã«ãããå°äœãåºããŸããããããã®ç°ãªãçæã®äŸã¯ããã¡ã©ãªãæš©åšãè¡äœ¿ãã倿§ãªæ¹æ³ã瀺ããŠããŸãã
æ¥äžïŒå¥çãå·¡ãæ
ãšãžããäººã®æ¥äžã«é¢ããä¿¡ä»°ã¯ç²Ÿå·§ã§ããã®æåã«æ·±ãæ ¹ä»ããŠããŸããã圌ãã¯ãæ»ã¯çµããã§ã¯ãªãããªã·ãªã¹ãæ¯é ããå¥çãã¥ã¢ãã§ã®æ°ããååšãžã®ç§»è¡ã§ãããšä¿¡ããŠããŸããããã®æ ã¯å±éºã«æºã¡ãŠãããæ éãªæºåãšæ§ã ãªç¥ã ã®å©ããå¿ èŠã§ããã
ãã€ã©åã¯ãæ¥äžã®ããã«éºäœãæºåããäžã§æ¥µããŠéèŠãªå·¥çšã§ããããã®è€éãªããã»ã¹ã«ã¯ãå èã®é€å»ããããã³ïŒå€©ç¶ã®å¡©ïŒã«ããéºäœã®ä¿åããããŠäœå±€ãã®ãªãã³ã§ã®å è£ ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãããå èã¯ã«ããã¹å£ºã«çŽããããããããããã«ã¹ã®4äººã®æ¯åã®1人ãã€ã ã»ãã£ïŒèèïŒãããïŒèºïŒããã¥ã¢ã ããïŒèïŒãã±ããã»ããšãïŒè žïŒã«ãã£ãŠå®ãããŸãããç¥æ§ãšææ ã®åº§ãšèŠãªãããå¿èã¯ã審å€ã®éã«ãã¢ãã®çŸœæ ¹ãšéããæ¯ã¹ããããããäœå ã«æ®ãããŸããã
ãã¡ã©ãªã®å¢ãšããŠå»ºãŠããã壮倧ãªå»ºé ç©ã§ãããã©ãããã¯ãæ¥äžãžã®éãšããŠæ©èœããŸããããããã®å·šå€§ãªè€åæœèšã¯åãªãå¢ã§ã¯ãªãããã¡ã©ãªã®å¥çãžã®æ ã容æã«ããããã«èšèšãããç¥æ®¿ãåéããã®ä»ã®å»ºé ç©ãå«ãŸããŠããŸããã第åçææä»£ã«å»ºãŠãããã®ã¶ã®ãã©ãããã¯ããšãžãã人ã®å·¥åŠæè¡ã®é«ããšãæ¥äžãžã®æºãããªãä¿¡ä»°ã®èšŒãšããŠãã³ãç«ã£ãŠããŸãããã©ããããä»ã®å¢ã®å éšã«ã¯ããšãžãã人ã¯é£æãå®¶å ·ãå®é£ŸåããããŠïŒåæçæã§ã¯å®éã®ç ç²ã«ãã£ãŠãåŸã«ã¯è±¡åŸŽçãªè¡šçŸã«ãã£ãŠïŒå¬äœ¿ããŸã§å«ããæ¬¡ã®äžçã§ã®ãã¡ã©ãªã®å¿«é©ããšæåãä¿èšŒããŸããã
å¿èã®èšéïŒãªã·ãªã¹ã®åã§ã®å¯©å€
æ¥äžãæ ããäžã§æãéèŠãªç¬éã®1ã€ã¯ãæ»è ã®æžã«æãããŠããå¿èã®èšéã®ååŒã§ããããã®ååŒã§ã¯ããã€ã©äœããšæ¥äžã®ç¥ã§ãããžã£ãã«ã«é ã®ã¢ããã¹ããæ äººã®å¿èãçå®ãšæ£çŸ©ã象城ãããã¢ãã®çŸœæ ¹ãšéããæ¯ã¹ãŸããæžèšãšç¥æµã®ç¥ã§ããããé ã®ããããã®çµæãèšé²ããŸãããå¿èãçŸœæ ¹ããã軜ããã°ãæ äººã¯æ¥äžã«å ¥ãã«å€ãããšèŠãªãããŸãããå¿èãéããã°ãããã¯ã¯ãã®é ãã©ã€ãªã³ã®äžå身ãã«ãã®äžå身ãæã€æªç©ã§ããéãå°ãããã®ã¢ã¡ãããã«è²ªãé£ãããæ°žé ã®å¿åŽã«è³ããŸããã
åªæãè³çŸæãç¥ãã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ããæ»è ã®æžã¯ãæ 人ãå¥çã®å°é£ãä¹ãè¶ããããã®äžå¯æ¬ ãªã¬ã€ãã§ããããããã®ããã¹ãã¯ãã°ãã°ããã«ã¹å·»ç©ã«èšãããæ äººãééããã§ãããé害ãå æããããã«å¿ èŠãªç¥èãšä¿è·ãæäŸããããã«å¢ã«çœ®ãããŸãããåªæã«ã¯ãå±éºãªå°åœ¢ãèªè¡ããå±éºãªç¥ã ããªã ããæçµçã«ãªã·ãªã¹ã«èªåãã¡ã®äŸ¡å€ã蚌æããããã®æç€ºãå«ãŸããŠããŸããã
æ¥äžã®é¢šæ¯ïŒãšãžããäººã®æ¥äžèгã¯ãåäžã®åäžãªç®çå°ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããããã¯æ§ã ãªé åãšè©Šç·Žã§æ§æãããŠããŸããããã¥ã¢ãã¯å±éºã§ç¥ç§çãªå Žæã§ãããæ äººã®äŸ¡å€ã詊ãããã«èšèšãããæªç©ãçœ ãè©Šç·Žã§æºã¡ãŠããŸããããã®æ ãç¡äºã«çµãããšãå°äžã®äžçãåæ ããæ¥œåã§ããã¢ã¢ã«ã®éã«è³ããããã§æ äººã¯æ°žé ã®åœã享åãã蟲æ¥ãç¶ããããšãã§ããŸããããã®ç§æçãªæ¥äžã®ããžã§ã³ã¯ããšãžãã人ã®åå°ãžã®æ·±ãçµã³ã€ããšãçãæ»ãåçã®åšæçãªæ§è³ªãžã®ä¿¡ä»°ãåæ ããŠããŸããã
æ¥äžã®ç¥ã
æ¥äžã«ã¯ããããããæ äººãå°ãã審å€ããäžã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæããç¥ã ãäœãã§ããŸããã
- ãªã·ãªã¹ïŒå¥çãšåŸ©æŽ»ã®ç¥ãæ»è ã®å¯©å€è ã
- ã¢ããã¹ïŒãã€ã©äœããšæ¥äžã®ç¥ãéã®æ¡å 人ã
- ããïŒç¥æµãæžèšãéæ³ã®ç¥ãå¿èã®èšéã®èšé²è ã
- ãã¢ãïŒçå®ãæ£çŸ©ãå®å®ç§©åºã®å¥³ç¥ã
- ã¢ã¡ãããïŒéãå°ãããã®ã䟡å€ã®ãªãå¿èã貪ãé£ãæãããæªç©ã
- ã€ã·ã¹ïŒéæ³ãæ¯æ§ãæ²»çã®å¥³ç¥ããªã·ãªã¹ã®åŠ»ã§ããã圌ã®åŸ©æŽ»ã«å°œåããã
- ãããã£ã¹ïŒåããšä¿è·ã®å¥³ç¥ãã€ã·ã¹ãšãªã·ãªã¹ã®å§åйã
- ãã«ã¹ïŒçæš©ã®ç¥ããªã·ãªã¹ãšã€ã·ã¹ã®æ¯åããã¡ã©ãªã®ä¿è·è ã
- ã©ãŒïŒå€ªéœç¥ããã®å€©ç©ºã暪åãæ¥ã ã®æ ã¯ãçãæ»ãåçã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ãæ ãåºãããã°ãã°ãã¡ã©ãªèªèº«ã®æ ãšé¢é£ä»ããããã
æèã«ãããå ·äœäŸ
ãããã®æŠå¿µãããã«èª¬æããããã«ãããã€ãã®å ·äœäŸãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã
- ãã¿ã³ã«ãŒã¡ã³ã®å¢ïŒ1922幎ã«ãã¯ãŒãã»ã«ãŒã¿ãŒã«ãã£ãŠçºèŠããããã¿ã³ã«ãŒã¡ã³ã®å¢ã¯ããšãžããã®è¬éç¿æ £ã®è±ãããšè€éãã«ã€ããŠåäŸã®ãªãæŽå¯ãæäŸããŸãããå¢ã«ã¯ãé»éã®ãã¹ã¯ãæŠè»ãå®¶å ·ãè¡£æãªã©ãæ°åç¹ã®éºç©ãå«ãŸããŠããããããã¯ãã¹ãŠè¥ããã¡ã©ãªãæ¥äžãžã®æ ã«åããããã®ãã®ã§ãããå¢ã®è±ªè¯çµ¢çãã¯ããã¡ã©ãªã®ç§»è¡ãæåãããããšã«ããã«éãã眮ãããŠãããã匷調ããŠããŸãã
- ãã©ãããã»ããã¹ãïŒå€çåœæä»£ã®ãã¡ã©ãªã®ãã©ãããã®å£ã«å»ãŸãããã©ãããã»ããã¹ãã¯ãäžçã§æãå€ãå®æææžã®äžã€ã§ãããããã®ããã¹ãã«ã¯ããã¡ã©ãªãä¿è·ããå¥çãæ¡å ããããã®åªæãåªæãå«ãŸããŠããŸãããããã¯ãåæãšãžããã®æ¥äžã«é¢ããä¿¡ä»°ãšãå®å®ã«ããããã¡ã©ãªã®åœ¹å²ã«é¢ãã貎éãªæ å ±ãæäŸããŸãã
- ã³ãã£ã³ã»ããã¹ãïŒäžçåœæä»£ã«çŸããã³ãã£ã³ã»ããã¹ãã¯ããã¡ã©ãªãšè²Žæã®äž¡æ¹ã®æ£ºã«å»ãŸããŸããããããã®ããã¹ãã¯æ¥äžãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãæ°äž»åããæ°žé ã®åœã®å¯èœæ§ãçæä»¥å€ã«ãåºããŸããããããã¯ãå人ã®é埳æ§ãšå人ã®è²¬ä»»ã«éç¹ã眮ãããã«ãªã£ããšãžããã®å®æç信念ã®å€åã瀺ããŠããŸãã
éºç£ãšåœ±é¿
ãã¡ã©ãªãšæ¥äžãå·¡ãç¥è©±ã¯ããšãžããã®ç€ŸäŒãšæåã«æ·±ãæ°žç¶çãªåœ±é¿ãäžããŸãããããã¯åœŒãã®èžè¡ã建ç¯ãæåŠããããŠå®æçå®è·µã圢æããŸãããç¥èçæš©ã®æŠå¿µã¯ã瀟äŒç§©åºãšæ¿æ²»çå®å®ã®ããã®æ çµã¿ãæäŸããŸãããæ¥äžãžã®ä¿¡ä»°ã¯ããšãžãã人ãè¬åã®ååŒã粟巧ãªå¢ã®å»ºèšã«å€é¡ã®æè³ãããåæ©ãšãªããŸããã圌ãã®è€éãªä¿¡ä»°äœç³»ã¯ãã®ãªã·ã£äººãããŒã人ãå«ãåŸã®ææã«ã圱é¿ãäžããäžçäžã®äººã ãé äºããéŒèãç¶ããæ°žç¶çãªéºç£ãæ®ããŸããã
çŸä»£ã®è§£éïŒä»æ¥ã§ãããšãžããç¥è©±ã¯å€§è¡æåã«æµžéãç¶ããŠããŸããæ ç»ãæåŠãããããªã²ãŒã ãã¢ãŒãã«è³ããŸã§ããã¡ã©ãªããã©ãããããããŠã¢ããã¹ããªã·ãªã¹ã®ãããªç¥ã ã®è±¡åŸŽçãªã€ã¡ãŒãžã¯ãããã«ãããšèªèã§ããŸãããããã®è¡šçŸã¯ããã°ãã°ããã³ããã¯åããããåçŽåããããããŸããããããã®å€ä»£ã®ç©èªã®æ°žç¶çãªåãšãç§ãã¡ã®æ³ååãæããèœåãç©èªã£ãŠããŸãã
çµè«
ç¥èãªãã¡ã©ãªãšç²Ÿå·§ãªæ¥äžä¿¡ä»°ãæã€å€ä»£ãšãžããã®ç¥è©±ã¯ãæ·±ãç²Ÿç¥æ§ãšæåçãªè±ããã®äžçãå£éèŠããŠãããŸããçŸäžãšç¥ã ã®é åã®éã®ç¥èãªæ¯é è ã§ãã仲ä»è ãšããŠã®ãã¡ã©ãªã®åœ¹å²ã¯ãšãžãã瀟äŒã圢æããæ¥äžãžã®ä¿¡ä»°ã¯åœŒãã«æ°žç¶çãªèšå¿µç¢ãšè€éãªè¬éç¿æ £ãçã¿åºãåæ©ãäžããŸããããšãžããç¥è©±ã®ãããã®åŽé¢ãæ¢æ±ããããšã§ããã®é©ãã¹ãææãšãã®æ°žç¶çãªéºç£ã«ã€ããŠããæ·±ãçè§£ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãšãžããç¥è©±ã®ãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ãçè§£ããããšã§ããã®å€ä»£ææã®æŽç·Žãããäžç芳ãè©äŸ¡ããããšãã§ããŸããæ¥äžã«é¢ãã圌ãã®è€éãªä¿¡ä»°ããã¡ã©ãªã®éèŠãªåœ¹å²ããããŠç¥ã ã®åŒ·åãªåœ±é¿ã¯ã圌ãã®ç€ŸäŒãæ·±ã圢ã§åœ¢æããŸããã圌ãã®ç¥è©±ãšååŒãç ç©¶ããããšã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯æå³ãäžæ»ããããŠä¿¡å¿µã®æ°žç¶çãªåã«å¯Ÿãã人éã®æ¢æ±ã«é¢ãã貎éãªæŽå¯ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã