æ°åå€åç·©åã«ãããåå£ççŽ éé¢ã®éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæ¢æ±ãåå£ã®å¥åº·ãšççŽ è²¯çãäžççã«é«ããããã®ãã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ã課é¡ãæ©äŒãåŠã³ãŸãã
åå£ãžã®ççŽ éé¢ïŒå°çèŠæš¡ã®æ¥å
æ°åå€åã¯ã仿¥äººé¡ãçŽé¢ããŠããæãå·®ãè¿«ã£ã課é¡ã®äžã€ã§ããæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹ã®æåºåæžãæéèŠã§ããäžæ¹ã倧æ°äžããæ¢åã®äºé žåççŽ ïŒCO2ïŒãé€å»ããå¿ èŠæ§ãåæ§ã«éèŠã§ããåå£ççŽ éé¢ãããªãã¡å€§æ°äžã®CO2ãææããŠåå£ã«è²¯çããããã»ã¹ã¯ã匷åãã€èªç¶ãªè§£æ±ºçãæäŸããŸãããã®ããã°èšäºã§ã¯ãæ°åå€åã®ç·©åãæç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥ã®ä¿é²ããããŠäžçã®é£æå®å šä¿éã®åŒ·åã«ãããåå£ççŽ éé¢ã®éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæ¢ããŸãã
åå£ãžã®ççŽ éé¢ãšã¯ïŒ
ççŽ éé¢ãšã¯ãæ€ç©ãåå£ãå°å±€ãæµ·æŽã«ççŽ ãé·æé貯çããããšã§ããåå£ççŽ éé¢ã¯ãç¹ã«å€§æ°äžã®CO2ãåå£ã«åã蟌ã¿ãå壿æ©ççŽ ïŒSOCïŒãšããŠè²¯çããããšãæããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ãå°çã®ççŽ åŸªç°ã®äž»èŠãªæ§æèŠçŽ ã§ãããå°çã®æ°åã調ç¯ããäžã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããŸãã
åå£ã貯çã§ããççŽ ã®éã¯ã以äžãå«ãæ§ã ãªèŠå ã«äŸåããŸãïŒ
- æ°åïŒæ°æž©ãšééšéã¯ãåè§£ãšæ€ç©ã®æé·é床ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
- åå£ã®çš®é¡ïŒåæ§ãæ§é ãé±ç©çµæãççŽ è²¯çèœåã«åœ±é¿ããŸããäžè¬çã«ç 質åå£ã¯ãç²å質ã®åå£ãããççŽ ã®è²¯çéãå°ãªãã§ãã
- åå°ç®¡çæ¹æ³ïŒèŸ²æ¥ãææ¥ãæŸç§ã®å®è·µã¯ãåå£ã®ççŽ ã¬ãã«ã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
- æ€ç被èŠïŒæ€çã®çš®é¡ãšå¯åºŠã¯ãåå£ã«å ¥ãççŽ ã®éã«åœ±é¿ããŸãã
ãªãåå£ççŽ éé¢ã¯éèŠãªã®ãïŒ
åå£ççŽ éé¢ã¯ã以äžãå«ãå€ãã®å©ç¹ãæäŸããŸãïŒ
- æ°åå€åã®ç·©åïŒå€§æ°äžããCO2ãé€å»ããåå£ã«è²¯çããããšã§ãççŽ éé¢ã¯æž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹ã®æ¿åºŠãæžå°ãããå°çæž©æåãç·©åããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
- åå£ã®å¥åº·æ¹åïŒå壿æ©ççŽ ã®å¢å ã¯ãå壿§é ãæ°Žã®æµžéãé€åä¿æèœåã埮çç©æŽ»åãåäžãããŸããããã«ãããããå¥åº·çã§è¥æ²ãªåå£ãçãŸããŸãã
- 蟲æ¥çç£æ§ã®åäžïŒå¥åº·ãªåå£ã¯ãããé«ãäœç©åéãšãã匷éãªèŸ²æ¥ã·ã¹ãã ãæ¯ããŸãã
- æ°Žå©çšå¯èœæ§ã®åäžïŒå壿æ©ç©ã¯æ°Žã®æµžéãšä¿æãæ¹åããæµåºãæžå°ãããæ€ç©ãå©çšã§ããæ°Žåãå¢å ãããŸãã
- åå£äŸµé£ã®æžå°ïŒå壿æ©ç©ã¯åå£ç²åãçµåãããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãé¢šãæ°Žã«ãã䟵é£ãæžå°ãããŸãã
- çç©å€æ§æ§ã®æ¹åïŒå¥åº·ãªåå£ã¯å€æ§ãªåå£çç©ãæ¯ããçæ ç³»å šäœã®å¥åº·ã«è²¢ç®ããŸãã
- 飿å®å šä¿éã®åŒ·åïŒèŸ²æ¥çç£æ§ãšåŒ·éæ§ã®åäžã¯ãäžçã®é£æå®å šä¿éã«è²¢ç®ããŸãã
åå£ççŽ éé¢ãä¿é²ããå®è·µæ¹æ³
å€ãã®åå°ç®¡çæ¹æ³ãåå£ççŽ éé¢ãä¿é²ããããšãã§ããŸãããããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãåå£ãžã®ææ©ç©ã®æå ¥ãå¢ããããã®åè§£ãæžããããšã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãŠããŸããäž»èŠãªå®è·µæ¹æ³ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãïŒ
äžèèµ·æ œå¹
äžèèµ·æ œå¹ïŒãŒããã£ã¬ããžãšãåŒã°ããïŒã¯ãèèµ·ãèãããè¡ããã«ãæªä¹±ãããŠããªãåå£ã«çŽæ¥äœç©ãæ€ããæ¹æ³ã§ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯åå£ã®æªä¹±ãæžããã䟵é£ãæå°éã«æãã衚åã§ã®ææ©ç©ã®èç©ãä¿é²ããŸããäžèèµ·æ œå¹ã¯ãã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³ã®ãã³ããåç±³ã®ã°ã¬ãŒããã¬ãŒã³ãºãªã©ã®å°åã§åºãå®è·µãããŠããŸãã
äºäŸïŒã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³ã§ã¯ãäžèèµ·æ œå¹ã®æ¡çšã«ããã蟲å°ã«ãããåå£ççŽ éé¢ãå€§å¹ ã«å¢å ããŸãããããã«ãããåå£ã®å¥åº·ãæ¹åããã䟵é£ãæžå°ããç¹ã«å€§è±ãå°éºŠã®äœç©åéãå¢å ããŸããã
ã«ããŒã¯ãããïŒè¢«èŠäœç©ïŒ
ã«ããŒã¯ãããã¯ãåç©«ã®ããã§ã¯ãªããäž»ã«åå£ãä¿è·ãæ¹åããããã«æ œå¹ãããæ€ç©ã§ããæéäœç©ã®éãäŒéæã«æ€ããããšãã§ããŸããã«ããŒã¯ãããã¯ãå壿æ©ç©ãå¢ããã䟵é£ãæžãããéèãæå¶ããé€å埪ç°ãæ¹åããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããäžè¬çãªã«ããŒã¯ãããã«ã¯ããã¡ç§æ€ç©ãã€ãç§æ€ç©ãã¢ãã©ãç§æ€ç©ããããŸãã
äºäŸïŒæ¬§å·é£åã§ã¯ãå ±éèŸ²æ¥æ¿çïŒCAPïŒãåå£ã®å¥åº·ãæ¹åããç¡é žå¡©ã®æº¶è±ãæžããããã«ã«ããŒã¯ãããã®äœ¿çšãæšé²ããŠããŸãã蟲家ã¯ã«ããŒã¯ãããã®å®è·µã«å¯ŸããŠè£å©éãåãåããŸãã
茪äœ
茪äœã¯ãèšç»çãªé åºã§ç°ãªãäœç©ãæéããããŠæ€ããããšã§ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãåå£ã®å¥åº·ãæ¹åããç 害è«ã®åé¡ãæžãããé€å埪ç°ãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸããæ ¹ã®æ·±ããé€åèŠæ±éãç°ãªãäœç©ã茪äœããããšã§ãè³æºå©çšãæé©åããåå£ççŽ éé¢ãå¢å ãããããšãã§ããŸãã
äºäŸïŒã¢ããªã«ã®å€ãã®å°åã®äŒçµ±çãªèŸ²æ¥ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãåå£ã®è¥æ²åºŠãç¶æããäœç©åéãåäžãããããã«ãå€ããã茪äœãå©çšãããŠããŸãããäžè¬çãªèŒªäœã«ã¯ãããŠã¢ãã³ã·ãšãµãµã²ãã©ãã«ã»ã€ãªã©ã®ãã¡ç§æ€ç©ã亀äºã«æ œå¹ããããšãå«ãŸããŸãã
ã¢ã°ããã©ã¬ã¹ããªãŒ
ã¢ã°ããã©ã¬ã¹ããªãŒã¯ãæš¹æšãäœæšã蟲æ¥ã·ã¹ãã ã«çµ±åããããšã§ããæš¹æšã¯æ¥é°ãé²é¢šæãæçãªæè«ã®çæ¯å°ãæäŸããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããæ ¹ç³»ãèœèãéããŠåå£ççŽ éé¢ã«ãè²¢ç®ããŸããã¢ã°ããã©ã¬ã¹ããªãŒã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãçç©å€æ§æ§ãé«ããåå£ã®å¥åº·ãæ¹åãã蟲家ã«è¿œå ã®åå ¥ãããããããšãã§ããŸãã
äºäŸïŒæ±åã¢ãžã¢ã§ã¯ããŽã ã®æšãã³ãŒããŒãææš¹ãå«ãã¢ã°ããã©ã¬ã¹ããªãŒã·ã¹ãã ãäžè¬çã§ãããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãççŽ éé¢ãçç©å€æ§æ§ã®ä¿å šãå°å瀟äŒã®çèšåäžãªã©ãå€ãã®å©ç¹ãæäŸããŸãã
ç®¡çæŸç§
ç®¡çæŸç§ïŒèŒªææŸç§ãŸãã¯éçŽæŸç§ç®¡çãšãåŒã°ããïŒã¯ãå®¶çã宿çã«ç§èå°éã§ç§»åãããããšã§ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯éæŸç§ãé²ããæ€ç©ã®æé·ãä¿é²ããåå£ã®å¥åº·ãæ¹åããŸããç®¡çæŸç§ã¯ãèå°ãæŸç§å°ã«ãããŠåå£ççŽ éé¢ãå¢å ããã䟵é£ãæžãããçç©å€æ§æ§ãé«ããããšãã§ããŸãã
äºäŸïŒãã¥ãŒãžãŒã©ã³ãã§ã¯ãç§èå°ã®çç£æ§ãåäžãããå®¶çããã®æž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹æåºãåæžããããã«ãç®¡çæŸç§ã·ã¹ãã ãåºãå©çšãããŠããŸããèŸ²å®¶ã¯æ€ç©ã®æé·ãšåå£ã®å¥åº·ãæé©åããããã«ãæŸç§ã®åŒ·åºŠãšæéãæ éã«ç®¡çããŠããŸãã
å è¥ãšå©è¥ã®æœçš
åå£ã«å è¥ãå©è¥ãæœçšããããšã¯ãå壿æ©ç©ãå¢ãããåå£ã®è¥æ²åºŠãæ¹åãã广çãªæ¹æ³ã§ããå è¥ãšå©è¥ã¯ççŽ ãšæ é€çŽ ãè±å¯ã§ãå壿§é ãä¿æ°Žæ§ã埮çç©æŽ»åãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸãããããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãå£åããåå£ã«ç¹ã«æçã§ãããåå£ççŽ éé¢ãå€§å¹ ã«å¢å ãããããšãã§ããŸãã
äºäŸïŒã¢ãžã¢ã®å€ãã®å°åã§ã¯ãäŒçµ±çãªèŸ²æ¥ã·ã¹ãã ãåå£ã®è¥æ²åºŠãç¶æããããã«å è¥ãå©è¥ã®æœçšã«äŸåããŠããŸãã蟲家ã¯å®¶åºãå®¶çããã®ææ©å»æ£ç©ãåéã»å è¥åããäœç©åéãåäžãããããã«çã«æœçšããŸãã
ãã€ãªçã®å壿¹è¯
ãã€ãªçã¯ãç±åè§£ãšåŒã°ããããã»ã¹ãéããŠãã€ãªãã¹ããçæãããæšçã®ãããªç©è³ªã§ããåå£ã«æ·»å ãããšããã€ãªçã¯åå£ã®è¥æ²åºŠãä¿æ°Žæ§ãé€åå©çšå¯èœæ§ãæ¹åããããšãã§ããŸãããã€ãªçã¯ãŸãéåžžã«å®å®ããŠãããåå£äžã«äœäžçŽã«ãããã£ãŠååšããããšãã§ãããããé·æçãªççŽ éé¢ã®ããã®å¹æçãªããŒã«ãšãªããŸãã
äºäŸïŒã¢ããŸã³çå°ã§ã®ç ç©¶ã§ã¯ããã€ãªçã§æ¹è¯ãããåå£ïŒãã©ãã¬ãŒã¿ãšããŠç¥ãããïŒã¯ãåšèŸºã®åå£ãããèããè¥æ²ã§ãã¯ããã«é«ãã¬ãã«ã®ææ©ççŽ ãå«ãã§ããããšã瀺ãããŠããŸããããã«ãããæç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥ã®ããã®å壿¹è¯æãšããŠã®ãã€ãªçãžã®é¢å¿ãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã
忣®æåãšæ€æ
忣®æåã¯ã以忣®æã§ãã£ãåå°ã«æšãæ€ããããšã§ãããæ€æã¯ã以忣®æã§ãªãã£ãåå°ã«æšãæ€ããããšã§ããã©ã¡ãã®æ¹æ³ãã倧æ°äžããCO2ãé€å»ããæš¹æšã®ãã€ãªãã¹ãšåå£ã«è²¯çããããšã§ãççŽ éé¢ãå€§å¹ ã«å¢å ãããããšãã§ããŸãã忣®æåãšæ€æã¯ãŸããçç©å€æ§æ§ã®ä¿å šãæµåä¿è·ãæšæçç£ãªã©ãä»ã®å€ãã®å©ç¹ãæäŸã§ããŸãã
äºäŸïŒã¢ããªã«ã®ãã°ã¬ãŒãã»ã°ãªãŒã³ã»ãŠã©ãŒã«ãã€ãã·ã¢ããã¯ããµãã«å°åã«æš¹æšã®åž¯ãæ€ããããšã«ãã£ãŠç æŒ åãšåå°å£åãšéãããšãç®æããŠããŸãããã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã倧éã®ççŽ ãéé¢ããäœçŸäžäººãã®äººã ã®çèšãåäžãããããšãæåŸ ãããŠããŸãã
課é¡ãšæ©äŒ
åå£ççŽ éé¢ã¯æ°åå€åãç·©åãã蟲æ¥ã®æç¶å¯èœæ§ãåäžããã倧ããªå¯èœæ§ãç§ããŠããŸããã察åŠãã¹ãããã€ãã®èª²é¡ãšæ©äŒããããŸãïŒ
課é¡
- 枬å®ãšã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ïŒåå£ççŽ ã®å€åãæ£ç¢ºã«æž¬å®ã»ç£èŠããããšã¯å°é£ã§ãããæšæºåããããããã³ã«ãšé«åºŠãªæè¡ãå¿ èŠã§ãã
- æ°žç¶æ§ïŒåå£ã®ççŽ ã¹ããã¯ã¯ãæªä¹±ãåå°ç®¡çæ¹æ³ã®å€æŽã«å¯ŸããŠè匱ã§ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããéé¢ãããççŽ ã®é·æçãªæ°žç¶æ§ã確ä¿ããããšãéèŠã§ãã
- ã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ïŒåå£ççŽ éé¢ã®å®è·µãæ¡å€§ããã«ã¯ãçµæžçã瀟äŒçãæ¿ççãªéå£ã«å¯ŸåŠããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
- å°åã«ããå€åæ§ïŒåå£ççŽ éé¢ã®ããã³ã·ã£ã«ã¯ãæ°åãåå£ã®çš®é¡ãåå°ç®¡çæ¹æ³ã«ãã£ãŠå€§ããç°ãªããŸããç¶æ³ã«å¿ããã¢ãããŒããå¿ èŠã§ãã
- æ¿çãšã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ãïŒæç¢ºãªæ¿çãšã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ãã®æ¬ åŠã¯ãåå£ççŽ éé¢ã®å®è·µã®æ¡çšã劚ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
æ©äŒ
- æè¡ã®é²æ©ïŒãªã¢ãŒãã»ã³ã·ã³ã°ãåå£ã»ã³ãµãŒãªã©ã®æ°æè¡ã¯ãåå£ççŽ ã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ã®ç²ŸåºŠãšå¹çãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸãã
- ççŽ åžå ŽïŒå ç¢ãªççŽ åžå Žãéçºããããšã§ã蟲家ãåå°ç®¡çè ãåå£ççŽ éé¢ã®å®è·µã宿œããããã®ééçã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ããæäŸã§ããŸãã
- çµ±åçåå°ç®¡çïŒåå£ççŽ éé¢ãããåºç¯ãªåå°ç®¡çæŠç¥ã«çµ±åããããšã§ããã®å©ç¹ãæå€§åããè€æ°ã®ç°å¢èª²é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠã§ããŸãã
- æè²ãšæ®å掻åïŒèŸ²å®¶ãæ¿çç«æ¡è ãäžè¬åžæ°ã®éã§åå£ççŽ éé¢ã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠã®æèãé«ããããšãããã®æ¡çšãä¿é²ããããã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
- åœéååïŒç¥èã®å ±æãæšæºåããããããã³ã«ã®éçºãåå£ççŽ éé¢ã€ãã·ã¢ããã®ããã®è³æºåå¡ã«ã¯ãåœéååãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
äžççãªã€ãã·ã¢ãããšæ¿ç
åå£ççŽ éé¢ã®éèŠæ§ãèªèãããã®æ¡çšãä¿é²ããããã«å€ãã®äžççãªã€ãã·ã¢ãããæ¿çãçå®ãããŠããŸãããããã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãïŒ
- ã4ããŒãã«ã»ã€ãã·ã¢ãããïŒããªã®COP21ã§éå§ããããã®ã€ãã·ã¢ããã¯ãæ°åå€åãç·©åãã飿å®å šä¿éãåäžãããããã«ãå壿æ©ççŽ ã¹ããã¯ã幎é0.4%å¢å ãããããšãç®æããŠããŸãã
- äžçåå£ããŒãããŒã·ããïŒåœé£é£ç³§èŸ²æ¥æ©é¢ïŒFAOïŒã®ãã®ã€ãã·ã¢ããã¯ãæç¶å¯èœãªåå£ç®¡çãšäžçäžã®åå£è³æºã®ä¿è·ãæšé²ããŠããŸãã
- åœé£ç æŒ åå¯ŸåŠæ¡çŽïŒUNCCDïŒïŒãã®æ¡çŽã¯ãåå£ã®ççŽ ã¹ããã¯ã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžãããåå°å£åãšç æŒ åã«å¯ŸåŠããŠããŸãã
- åœå ã®æ¿çãšããã°ã©ã ïŒå€ãã®åœããççŽ èŸ²æ¥ã€ãã·ã¢ãããçæ ç³»ãµãŒãã¹æ¯æãå¶åºŠãªã©ãåå£ççŽ éé¢ãä¿é²ããããã®åœå æ¿çãããã°ã©ã ã宿œããŠããŸãã
çµè«
åå£ççŽ éé¢ã¯ãæ°åå€åãç·©åããåå£ã®å¥åº·ãæ¹åããäžçã®é£æå®å šä¿éã匷åããããã®éèŠãªæŠç¥ã§ããå壿æ©ççŽ ã¹ããã¯ãå¢ããæç¶å¯èœãªåå°ç®¡çæ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããããšã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯ãã匷éãªèŸ²æ¥ã·ã¹ãã ãåµé ããæž©å®€å¹æã¬ã¹ã®æåºãåæžããå°çå šäœã®å¥åº·ãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸããåå£ççŽ éé¢ã«é¢é£ãã課é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããæ©äŒãæããã«ã¯ãèŸ²å®¶ãæ¿çç«æ¡è ãç ç©¶è ããããŠäžè¬åžæ°ããã®å調ããåªåãå¿ èŠã§ããå ±ã«ãç§ãã¡ã¯ççŽ åžåæºãšããŠã®åå£ã®æœåšèœåãæå€§éã«åŒãåºãããã¹ãŠã®äººã ã«ãšã£ãŠããæç¶å¯èœãªæªæ¥ãç¯ãããšãã§ããŸãã
è¡ååèµ·ïŒ
- åå£ççŽ éé¢ãšãã®å©ç¹ã«ã€ããŠããã«åŠã³ãŸãããã
- æç¶å¯èœãªåå°ç®¡çæ¹æ³ãæšé²ããæ¿çãã€ãã·ã¢ãããæ¯æŽããŸãããã
- 蟲家ãåå°ç®¡çè ã«åå£ççŽ éé¢ã®å®è·µãæ¡çšãããã奚å±ããŸãããã
- åå£ççŽ éé¢ã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠã®æèãåºããŸãããã