ãã£ã³ãã«ã®ååŠãã¯ãã¯ã¹çµæãéŠãã®æ¡æ£ãççŒç§åŠãæé©ãªççŒç¿æ £ã解説ãã°ããŒãã«ãªèŠç¹ã§ã
ãã£ã³ãã«ååŠïŒã¯ãã¯ã¹çµæãšççŒã®ç§å¯ãè§£ãæãã
äœäžçŽã«ãããããå ãæããããããŠé°å²æ°ã®æºãšãªã£ãŠãããã£ã³ãã«ã¯ãåãªãè£ é£Ÿå以äžã®ãã®ã§ãããããã¯è€éãªååŠã·ã¹ãã ã§ããããã®èåŸã«ããç§åŠãçè§£ããããšã§ããã®æ©èœæ§ãè©äŸ¡ãã䜿çšãæé©åããããšãã§ããŸãããã®èšäºã§ã¯ããã£ã³ãã«ååŠã®é åçãªäžçã«æ·±ãåãå ¥ããããŸããŸãªã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®çµæãççŒããã»ã¹ãéŠãã®æ¡æ£ããããŠççŒå質ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããèŠå ãæ¢æ±ããŸãã
ã¯ãã¯ã¹çµæïŒãã£ã³ãã«ã®åºç€
䜿çšãããã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®çš®é¡ã¯ããã£ã³ãã«ã®æ§èœã決å®ããæãéèŠãªèŠå ãšèšããã§ããããç°ãªãã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ç¬ç¹ã®ååŠçç¹æ§ãæã¡ãèç¹ãççŒæéãéŠãã®åºãããã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çºçã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
ãã©ãã£ã³ã¯ãã¯ã¹ïŒäŒçµ±çãªéžæè¢
ãã©ãã£ã³ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ç³æ²¹ç±æ¥ã§ããã®æé ãªäŸ¡æ Œãšåªããè³éŠä¿æèœåãããäžçã§æãåºã䜿çšãããŠãããã£ã³ãã«ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã§ããããã¯é£œåçåæ°ŽçŽ ã®æ··åç©ã§ãéåžžãççŽ ååã®éé·ã¯20ãã40ã§ãããã©ãã£ã³ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®èç¹ã¯éé·ååžã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãããäžè¬çã«ã¯48âãã68âïŒ118°Fãã154°FïŒã®ç¯å²ã§ãããã©ãã£ã³ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®ãã£ã³ãã«ã¯ãåç±³ãããšãŒããããã¢ãžã¢ã®å°å£²åºã§å ¥æã§ãã倧éçç£ããããã£ã³ãã«ãäžå¿ã«ãäžçäžã§äžè¬çã§ãã
ãœã€ã¯ãã¯ã¹ïŒæç¶å¯èœãªä»£æ¿å
ãœã€ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ åå€§è±æ²¹ããäœããããã©ãã£ã³ãããæç¶å¯èœã§ç°å¢ã«åªãã代æ¿åãšããŠäººæ°ãéããŠããŸããå€§è±æ œå¹ã¯äžççãªèŸ²ç£ç©ã§ãããäž»èŠçç£åœã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«å€§éžãã¢ãžã¢ããšãŒãããã«ãããŸãããœã€ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ãã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çºçãå°ãªããããã¯ãªãŒã³ãªççŒãæäŸããŸããéåžžããã©ãã£ã³ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãããèç¹ãäœããçŽ49âãã54âïŒ120°Fãã130°FïŒã§ãããããããã倧ããªæº¶èããŒã«ãšããã匷ãéŠãã®åºããã«ã€ãªããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããœã€ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ãåç±³ããšãŒãããããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ãªã©ã®å°åã§ãç°å¢æèã®é«ãæ¶è²»è ã«å¥œãŸããŠããŸãã
ããããŠïŒèªç¶ãªã¯ã©ã·ãã¯
ããããŠã¯ããããããçç£ãã倩ç¶ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã§ãã¯ãªãŒã³ãªççŒãšã»ã®ããªèèã®éŠãã§çéãããŠããŸããããã¯äž»ã«ãšã¹ãã«ãèèªé žãçåæ°ŽçŽ ã§æ§æãããŠããŸããããããŠã¯æ¯èŒçèç¹ãé«ããéåžžã¯çŽ62âãã64âïŒ144°Fãã147°FïŒã§ãããã«ããççŒæéãé·ããªããŸããããããŠã®ãã£ã³ãã«ã¯ãäŒçµ±çãªè·äººæãšé¢é£ä»ããããããšãå€ãããšãŒããããã¢ããªã«ã®äžéšãªã©ãé€èã®äŒçµ±ãæ ¹åŒ·ãå°åã§äººæ°ããããŸãã
ãã®ä»ã®ã¯ãã¯ã¹ïŒã³ã³ããããããŒã ããã¬ã³ã
ãã£ã³ãã«äœãã§äœ¿çšããããã®ä»ã®ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã«ã¯ãã³ã³ãããã¯ãã¯ã¹ãããŒã ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãããã³ããŸããŸãªã¯ãã¯ã¹ãã¬ã³ãããããŸããã³ã³ãããã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ã³ã³ããããªã€ã«ç±æ¥ã§ãã¯ãªãŒã³ã«ççŒããåªããéŠãä¿æåããããŸããã³ã³ãããçç£ãçããªæ±åã¢ãžã¢ããã®ä»ã®å°åã§ãŸããŸã人æ°ãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸããããŒã ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ããŠããŒã¯ãªçµæ¶ãã¿ãŒã³ãæäŸããŸãããäžéšã®å°åã§ã®ããŒã æ²¹çç£ã«é¢é£ããæ£®æç Žå£ã«ãããæç¶å¯èœæ§ãžã®æžå¿µããããŸããã¯ãã¯ã¹ãã¬ã³ãïŒãœã€-ãã©ãã£ã³ãã³ã³ããã-ãœã€ãã¬ã³ããªã©ïŒã¯ãç°ãªãã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®æãŸããç¹æ§ãçµã¿åãããã³ã¹ããççŒæ§èœãéŠãã®åºããããã©ã³ã¹ãããããã«ãã䜿çšãããŸãã
ãã£ã³ãã«ççŒã®ååŠïŒççŒ
ãã£ã³ãã«ã®ççŒã¯ãççŒã®é åçãªäŸã§ããããã¯ãç©è³ªãšé žåå€ïŒéåžžã¯é žçŽ ïŒãšã®æ¥éãªåå¿ã䌎ããç±ãšå ãçæããååŠããã»ã¹ã§ãã
è¯ïŒçæäŸçµŠã·ã¹ãã
è¯ã¯ã溶èããã¯ãã¯ã¹ãçã«äŸçµŠããäžã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸãããã£ã³ãã«ãçãããšãçã®ç±ãè¯ã®è¿ãã®ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã溶ãããŸãããã®æº¶èããã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ãæ¯çŽ°ç®¡äœçšã«ãã£ãŠè¯ãäžãžãšåŒãäžããããŸããè¯ã¯éåžžãç·šã¿èŸŒãŸããç¶¿ãŸãã¯ãªãã³ã§äœãããŠããŸããè¯ã®ãã¶ã€ã³ãšåŠçã¯ãçã®å€§ãããççŒé床ãã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çºçã«å€§ãã圱é¿ããŸãã
æ°åïŒæ¶²äœããæ°äœãž
溶èããã¯ãã¯ã¹ãè¯ã®é äžã«éãããšãçã®ç±ã«ãã£ãŠæ°åããŸããããã¯éèŠãªã¹ãããã§ãããªããªããå®éã«çããã®ã¯æ¶²äœã¯ãã¯ã¹ã§ã¯ãªããæ°åããã¯ãã¯ã¹ã ããã§ããæ°åããã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ã空æ°äžã®é žçŽ ãšæ··åãããŸãã
é žåïŒççŒããã»ã¹
æ°åã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®é žåã¯ãççŒããã»ã¹ã®æ žå¿ã§ããã¯ãã¯ã¹äžã®çåæ°ŽçŽ ååã¯é žçŽ ãšåå¿ããäºé žåççŽ ïŒCOâïŒãæ°Žèžæ°ïŒHâOïŒãç±ããããŠå ãçæããŸããã¡ã¿ã³ïŒCHâïŒã®ãããªåçŽãªçåæ°ŽçŽ ã®å®å šççŒã®ãã©ã³ã¹ã®åããååŠæ¹çšåŒã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
CHâ + 2Oâ â COâ + 2HâO + ç± + å 
ãããããã£ã³ãã«ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ãã¯ããã«å€§ããè€éãªçåæ°ŽçŽ ååã§æ§æãããŠããŸãããããã£ãŠãå®éã®ççŒããã»ã¹ã¯ããè€éã§ãããäžå®å šççŒãåŒãèµ·ãããã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒïŒæªççŒã®ççŽ ç²åïŒããã®ä»ã®æãŸãããªãå¯çæç©ã®çæã«ã€ãªããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çæïŒäžå®å šççŒ
ã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã¯ãäžå®å šççŒã®å¯çæç©ã§ããããã¯ãæ°åã¯ãã¯ã¹ååãå®å šã«ççŒãããã®ã«ååãªé žçŽ ããªãå Žåã«çºçããŸããã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çæã«å¯äžããèŠå ã«ã¯ä»¥äžãå«ãŸããŸãã
- äžé©åãªè¯ã®ãã¶ã€ã³ïŒå€§ããããè¯ãç·šã¿èŸŒã¿ãäžååãªè¯ã¯ãéå°ãªã¯ãã¯ã¹äŸçµŠãšäžå®å šççŒã«ã€ãªããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- ãã©ããïŒãã©ããïŒéé颚ïŒã¯çãä¹±ããäžå®å šççŒãšã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çºçå¢å ãåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- éå°ãªéŠææ·»å ïŒã¯ãã¯ã¹ã«éŠæ²¹ãéå°ã«å ãããšãççŒã«å¹²æžããã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒãå¢å ãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- ã¯ãã¯ã¹äžã®äžçŽç©ïŒã¯ãã¯ã¹äžã®æ±æç©è³ªãã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çæã«å¯äžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
éŠãæ¡æ£ïŒç©ºæ°ãéŠããã
å€ãã®ã¢ãããã£ã³ãã«ã¯ãã¢ããã»ã©ããŒå¹æãæäŸããéšå±ã®é°å²æ°ãé«ããããã«éŠããã€ããããŠããŸããéŠãã¯éåžžãéŠæ²¹ãŸãã¯ãšãã»ã³ã·ã£ã«ãªã€ã«ãšããŠæº¶èã¯ãã¯ã¹ã«æ·»å ãããŸãã
éŠæè² è·ïŒéŠãã®æ¿åºŠ
éŠæè² è·ãšã¯ãã¯ãã¯ã¹ã«æ·»å ãããéŠæ²¹ã®å²åãæããŸããæé©ãªéŠæè² è·ã¯ãã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®çš®é¡ãéŠæ²¹ãããã³æãŸããéŠãã®åŒ·ãã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸããéŠæãå°ãªããããšéŠãã®åºããã匱ããªããå€ããããšççŒã«å¹²æžããã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çºçãå¢å ãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããéåžžã®éŠæè² è·ã¯6%ãã12%ã®ç¯å²ã§ãã
éŠãæŸåºïŒéŠããã©ã®ããã«äŒããã
éŠãã¯ãäž»ã«2ã€ã®ã¡ã«ããºã ãéããŠãã£ã³ãã«ããæŸåºãããŸãã
- 溶èããŒã«æ¡æ£ïŒã¯ãã¯ã¹ã溶ããŠæº¶èããŒã«ã圢æããã«ã€ããŠãéŠãã®ååãæ¶²äœã®è¡šé¢ããèžçºããåšå²ã®ç©ºæ°äžã«æ¡æ£ããŸããæº¶èããŒã«ã®å€§ãããã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®æž©åºŠã¯ãéŠãã®èžçºé床ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
- ççŒæŸåºïŒäžéšã®éŠãã®ååã¯ãççŒããã»ã¹äžã«æŸåºãããããšããããŸãããã ããããã¯éåžžãæº¶èããŒã«æ¡æ£ãšæ¯èŒããŠéèŠæ§ã®äœãèŠå ã§ãã
éŠãåºããïŒãã¬ã°ã©ã³ã¹ã¹ããŒïŒã«åœ±é¿ãäžããèŠå
éŠãåºãããã€ãŸããã£ã³ãã«ãéšå±ãéŠãã§æºããèœåã¯ãããã€ãã®èŠå ã«ãã£ãŠåœ±é¿ãããŸãã
- ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®çš®é¡ïŒãœã€ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®ãããªäžéšã®ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã¯ãåªããéŠãä¿æåãšåºããã§ç¥ãããŠããŸãã
- éŠæ²¹ïŒç°ãªãéŠæ²¹ã¯ç°ãªãæ®çºæ§ãšéŠãã®ãããã¡ã€ã«ãæã£ãŠããããããã®åºããïŒã¹ããŒïŒã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
- è¯ã®ãµã€ãºïŒãã倧ããªè¯ã¯ããã倧ããªæº¶èããŒã«ãçæãããã匷åãªéŠãåºããïŒãã¬ã°ã©ã³ã¹ã¹ããŒïŒã®å¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
- éšå±ã®ãµã€ãºãšææ°ïŒéšå±ã®ãµã€ãºãšææ°ã¬ãã«ã¯ã空æ°äžã®éŠãã®æ¿åºŠã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
å®å šãšæ§èœã®ããã®ãã£ã³ãã«ççŒã®æé©å
ãã£ã³ãã«ççŒã®ååŠãçè§£ããããšã§ãå®å šæ§ãšæ§èœã®ããã«ãããã®äœ¿çšãæé©åã§ããŸããããã«ããã€ãã®éèŠãªãã³ãããããŸãã
è¯ã®ããªãã³ã°ïŒå¥å šãªçã®ç¶æ
è¯ãããªãã³ã°ãã䜿çšåã«ÂŒã€ã³ãïŒ6mmïŒã«ä¿ã¡ãŸããããã«ãããéå°ãªç ãšã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒã®çºçãé²ããŸããé·ãè¯ã¯ã倧ãããŠäžå®å®ãªçã«ã€ãªãããäžå®å šççŒãåŒãèµ·ãããŸãã
ççŒæéïŒå®å šãªæº¶èããŒã«ã®ç¢ºä¿
æåã®ççŒã§ã¯ããã£ã³ãã«ãååãªæéççŒãã衚é¢å šäœã溶ããŠå®å šãªæº¶èããŒã«ã圢æããããã«ããŸããããã«ããããã£ã³ãã«ãäžå€®ã«çãäžãããåŽé¢ã«ã¯ãã¯ã¹ãæ®ããã³ããªã³ã°ãé²ããŸãããã³ããªã³ã°ã¯ããã£ã³ãã«ã®ççŒæéãççž®ããéŠãã®åºãããäœäžãããŸãã
ãã©ãããšé 眮ïŒã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒãšäžåäžãªççŒã®é²æ¢
ãã©ããïŒéé颚ïŒãé¿ãããã£ã³ãã«ãéããçªãæé¢šæ©ãéæ°å£ããé¢ããå Žæã«çœ®ããŸãããã©ããã¯çãã¡ãã€ãããã¹ã¹ïŒããïŒãçºçãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã£ã³ãã«ãå®å®ããèç±æ§ã®ãã衚é¢ã«ãå¯çç©ããé¢ããŠçœ®ããŸãã
æ¶ç«ïŒå®å šã§å¹æçãªæ¹æ³
ãã£ã³ãã«ãå®å šã«æ¶ç«ããã«ã¯ããã£ã³ãã«æ¶ãã䜿çšããããåªããå¹ãæ¶ããŸããç±ãã¯ãã¯ã¹ãé£ã³æ£ãå¯èœæ§ããããããæ°Žã®äœ¿çšã¯é¿ããŠãã ãããè¯ã溶èã¯ãã¯ã¹ã«æµžããŠãããŸã£ããã«äŒžã°ããšãç ãé²ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ã¯ãã¯ã¹ã®ããŒã«ïŒåé¡ã®å å
ã¯ãã¯ã¹ããŒã«ãç£èŠããŸããéå°ãªç ã倧ãããŠäžèŠåãªçãèŠãããå Žåã¯ããã£ã³ãã«ãæ¶ããŠå·ãŸããŸããè¯ãããªãã³ã°ããŠåç¹ç¯ããŸããåé¡ãç¶ãå Žåã¯ããã£ã³ãã«ã«æ¬ é¥ãããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããäŸãã°ãäžé©åãªãµã€ãºã®è¯ãéå°ãªéŠæè² è·ãªã©ã§ãã
ãã£ã³ãã«å®å šïŒãŠã§ã«ããŒã€ã³ã°ã®åªå 
ãã£ã³ãã«ã®å®å šæ§ã¯æåªå äºé ã§ããçããŠãããã£ã³ãã«ãç¡äººã«ããªãã§ãã ããããŸããåäŸããããã®æã®å±ããªããšããã«ä¿ç®¡ããŠãã ããããã£ã³ãã«ã¯å®å®ããèç±æ§ã®ãã衚é¢ã«ãå¯çç©ããé¢ããŠé 眮ãããŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ãããç æç¥åšã«æ³šæããç·æ¥æã«ã¯æ¶ç«åšãããã«å©çšã§ããããã«ããŠãã ããã
ã°ããŒãã«ãã£ã³ãã«åžå ŽïŒãã¬ã³ããšã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³
ã°ããŒãã«ãã£ã³ãã«åžå Žã¯ããã€ãããã¯ã§åžžã«é²åããŠããç£æ¥ã§ãããã¬ã³ããšããŠã¯ããœã€ãããããŠã®ãããªå€©ç¶ã§æç¶å¯èœãªã¯ãã¯ã¹ãžã®éèŠã®å¢å ã驿°çãªéŠãã®ãã¬ã³ãããã£ã³ãã«ãã¶ã€ã³ãªã©ãæããããŸãããã®åžå Žã¯ãã¢ããã»ã©ããŒå¹æãžã®æ¶è²»è ã®æèã®é«ãŸããšããŠã§ã«ããŒã€ã³ã°ãé«ããªã©ãã¯ã¹ããé°å²æ°ãäœãåºãããã®ããŒã ãã¬ã°ã©ã³ã¹ãžã®æ¬²æ±ã«ãã£ãŠçœåŒãããŠããŸããäž»èŠåžå Žã«ã¯åç±³ããšãŒããããã¢ãžã¢å€ªå¹³æŽå°åããããããããã«ç¬èªã®æ¶è²»è ã®å¥œã¿ãšãã¬ã³ãããããŸãã
çµè«ïŒãã£ã³ãã«ã®èžè¡ãšç§åŠãçè§£ãã
ãã£ã³ãã«ã¯åãªãè£ é£Ÿå以äžã®ãã®ã§ãããããã¯ååŠãšèžè¡æ§ã®çžäºäœçšã®èšŒã§ããã¯ãã¯ã¹çµæãççŒãéŠãæ¡æ£ã®èåŸã«ããç§åŠãçè§£ããããšã§ããã£ã³ãã«ççŒã®ãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ãçè§£ãã䜿çšãæé©åããããã®æ å ±ã«åºã¥ããéžæãããããšãã§ããŸããå®å šã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ã«åŸããæç¶å¯èœãªçŽ æã§äœãããé«å質ã®ãã£ã³ãã«ãéžæããããšã§ãæœåšçãªãªã¹ã¯ãæå°éã«æããªããããã£ã³ãã«ãæäŸããçŸãããéŠãããããŠé°å²æ°ã楜ããããšãã§ããŸãã
äžçäžã®å®¶åºãç §ããäŒçµ±çãªãã©ãã£ã³ãã£ã³ãã«ãããå°å ã®åžå Žã§èŠã€ããè·äººæã®ããããŠã®åµé ç©ãŸã§ããã£ã³ãã«ã¯æ°ãåããªãã»ã©ã®æ¹æ³ã§ç§ãã¡ã®ç掻ãç §ããç¶ããŠããŸããååŠãåãå ¥ããéŠããæ¥œãã¿ããããŠæ§ãããªãã£ã³ãã«ã®æä»£ãè¶ ããé åãè©äŸ¡ããŠãã ããã