è£åºãè±ããªçæ ç³»ã«å€ããŸãããïŒèªçæ€ç©ã䜿ã£ãŠå°åã®éççç©ãåŒã³èŸŒã¿ãäžçäžã®çç©å€æ§æ§ãæ¯ããçŸããããã¿ããã®äœãæ¹ã玹ä»ããŸãã
è£åºã®ããã¿ããïŒèªçæ€ç©ã¬ãŒããã³ã°ã®ã°ããŒãã«ã¬ã€ã
éœåžåãé²ãçŸä»£ã«ãããŠãç§ãã¡ã®è£åºã¯éççç©ã«ãšã£ãŠäžå¯æ¬ ãªèåãšãªããçç©å€æ§æ§ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªè¶³ããããšãªãåŸãŸããèªçæ€ç©ã¬ãŒããã³ã°ãåãå ¥ããããšã¯ãèªå® ã®ããå€ã§èªç¶ä¿è·æŽ»åã«è²¢ç®ãã匷åãªæ¹æ³ã§ãããã®ã¬ã€ãã¯ãäžçã®ã©ãã«ããŠããããªãã®å±å€ã¹ããŒã¹ãè±ããªçæ ç³»ã«å€ããããã®ç¥èãšã€ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæäŸããŸãã
ãªãèªçæ€ç©ãéžã¶ã®ãïŒ
èªçæ€ç©ãšã¯ãç¹å®ã®å°åã§äœå幎ã«ãããã£ãŠèªç¶ã«é²åããçš®ã®ããšã§ããå°åã®æ°åãå壿¡ä»¶ãçæ ç³»å ã®ä»ã®çç©ãšã®çžäºäœçšã«é©å¿ããŠããŸããããããåªå ããããšãéåžžã«éèŠãªçç±ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
- å°åã®éççç©ãæ¯ããïŒ èªçæ€ç©ã¯ãå°åã®æè«ãé³¥é¡ãäž¡çé¡ãç¬è«é¡ãåºä¹³é¡ã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªé£æãšé ãå®¶ãæäŸããŸãããããã¯ããããã®çæ ç³»ã«ãããé£ç©ç¶²ã®åºç€ã§ãã
- çç©å€æ§æ§ãä¿é²ããïŒ å¹ åºãåšæ¥çš®ããµããŒãããããšã§ãçæ ç³»ã®å¥åº·ãšå埩åã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªå šäœçãªçç©å€æ§æ§ã«è²¢ç®ããŸãã倿§ãªçæ ç³»ã¯ãç æ°ãç°å¢ã®å€åã«å¯ŸããŠããèæ§ããããŸãã
- ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ãå°ãªãïŒ äžåºŠå®çããã°ãèªçæ€ç©ã¯äžè¬çã«æå ¥ããå°ãªããŠæžã¿ãŸããå°åã®æ°åãšåå£ã«é©å¿ããŠããããã倿¥çš®ãšæ¯èŒããŠæ°Žãããæœè¥ã害è«é§é€ã®å¿ èŠãå°ãªããªããŸãã
- ç°å¢ãžã®åœ±é¿ãæžããïŒ æ°Žãè¥æã蟲è¬ã®å¿ èŠæ§ãæžããããšã§ãèªçæ€ç©ã¬ãŒããã³ã°ã¯ç°å¢ãããããªã³ããæå°éã«æããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããŸããäŸµå ¥çš®ãæã¡èŸŒãå¯èœæ§ãæžãããŸãã
- èªç¶ãšã€ãªããïŒ èªçæ€ç©ãè²ãŠãããšã§ãå°åã®ãŠããŒã¯ãªèªç¶éºç£ãšã€ãªãããè£åºã§æ€ç©ãšåç©ã®é åçãªçžäºäœçšã芳å¯ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããªãã®å°åã®çæ ç³»ãçè§£ãã
æ€ãä»ããå§ããåã«ãããªãã®å°åã®ç¹å®ã®çæ åŠçç¹åŸŽãçè§£ããããšãéèŠã§ããããã«ã¯ãæ°åãåå£ã®çš®é¡ãééšãã¿ãŒã³ããããŠãã®å°åã§ç¹æ ããèªçæ€ç©ã®çŸ€èœãå«ãŸããŸãã以äžã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã¹ããããããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
1. èªçæ€ç©çŸ€èœã調æ»ãã
ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ãªãœãŒã¹ãå°å ã®å³æžé€šãæ€ç©åãªã©ã掻çšããŠãããªãã®å°åã®èªçæ€ç©çŸ€èœã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãŸããããäž»èŠãªæ€ç©çš®ããããã®çæ¯å°ã®å¥œã¿ãä»ã®çç©ãšã®çžäºäœçšãç¹å®ããŸãã
äŸïŒ ãšãŒãããã®å°äžæµ·å°åã§ã¯ãããŒãºããªãŒãã¿ã€ã ãã©ãã³ããŒãªã©ã®ä¹Ÿç¥ã«åŒ·ãæ€ç©ãç¹åŸŽãšããããïŒmaquisïŒãšåŒã°ããäœæšæã調æ»ããããšãã§ããŸããã¢ããŸã³ç±åž¯éšæã§ã¯ãæåºãæš¹å ãæ²³çåã®å€æ§ãªæ€ç©çåœãæ¢çŽ¢ããŸãã
2. æ·å°ã®ç¶æ³ãè©äŸ¡ãã
æ¥åœãããåå£ã®çš®é¡ãæ°Žã¯ããæ¢åã®æ€çãªã©ãè£åºã®å ·äœçãªç¶æ³ãè©äŸ¡ããŸããèªçæ€ç©ãéžã¶éã«ã¯ããããã®èŠçŽ ãèæ ®ããŠãã ããã
- æ¥ç §ïŒ ããªãã®åºã¯1æ¥ã«äœæéçŽå°æ¥å ãåœãããŸããïŒæ¥åœãããè¯ãå Žæã忥é°ã®å Žæãæ¥é°ã®å Žæãç¹å®ããŸãã
- åå£ïŒ åã®è³ªæãçµæã¯ã©ã®ãããªãã®ã§ããïŒç 質ãããŒã 質ãç²å質ã§ããïŒæ°Žã¯ããè¯ãã§ããããããšãæ°ŽãããŸããããã§ããïŒç°¡åãªåå£ãã¹ããè¡ãããå°å ã®èŸ²æ¥æ®åæãªã©ã«åæãäŸé Œããããšãã§ããŸãã
- æ°Žã¯ãïŒ éšãéã£ãåŸãæ°Žãã©ã®ããã«ææ°Žããããã芳å¯ããŸããé·æéæ°ŽãããŸãå Žæã¯ãããŸããïŒåãšãªã¢ã®æ°Žã¯ãæ¡ä»¶ã«é©å¿ããæ€ç©ãéžã³ãŸãããã
- æ¢åã®æ€çïŒ åºã«ããæ¢åã®æ€ç©ïŒèªççš®ãšå€æ¥çš®ã®äž¡æ¹ïŒãç¹å®ããŸããããããããªãã®æ€æ œèšç»ã«ã©ã圱é¿ãããããŸããé€å»ããå¿ èŠã®ããäŸµå ¥çš®ããããã©ãããæ€èšããŸãã
3. å°å ã®å°éå®¶ã«çžè«ãã
å°å ã®èªçæ€ç©å°éã®åèžåºãæ€ç©åãä¿è·å£äœãã¬ãŒããã³ã°ã¯ã©ããªã©ã«é£çµ¡ãåããå°éçãªã¢ããã€ã¹ãæ±ããŸãããã圌ãã¯ããªãã®å°åãç¹å®ã®æ·å°æ¡ä»¶ã«æé©ãªèªçæ€ç©ã«é¢ãã貎éãªæŽå¯ãæäŸããŠãããŸãã
äŸïŒ ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã®å°å ã®èªçæ€ç©åäŒã«é£çµ¡ããŠããŠãŒã«ãªãã¯ãã«ãã°ã¬ãŽã£ã¬ã¢ãªã©ã®ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢åç£æ€ç©ã®æ œå¹ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã
é©åãªèªçæ€ç©ãéžã¶
å°åã®çæ ç³»ãšæ·å°ã®ç¶æ³ãããçè§£ããããè£åºã®ããã¿ããã«é©ããèªçæ€ç©ã®éžæãå§ããŸããããéžæããéã«ã¯ã以äžã®èŠçŽ ãèæ ®ããŠãã ããã
- æ€ç©ã®æ©èœïŒ 飿ãé ãå®¶ãå¶å·£å Žæãæè«ã®é£èïŒå¹Œè«ã®å®¿äž»æ€ç©ïŒãªã©ãæäŸãããçæ ç³»ã§ç°ãªãæ©èœãæã€æ€ç©ãéžã³ãŸãã
- æ€ç©ã®ãµã€ãºãšåœ¢ç¶ïŒ åºã®åºããå©çšå¯èœãªã¹ããŒã¹ã«é©ããæ€ç©ãéžã³ãŸãã忀ç©ã®ææšæã®é«ããšå¹ ãèæ ®ããŠãã ããã
- éè±ææïŒ éè±ææãç°ãªãæ€ç©ãéžã³ãçè²æéãéããŠããªããŒã¿ãŒïŒè±ç²åªä»è ïŒã«ç¶ç¶çã«èãè±ç²ãæäŸã§ããããã«ããŸãã
- èŠãç®ã®é åïŒ ããªããèŠèŠçã«é åçã ãšæããæ¯èŠ³ãã¶ã€ã³å šäœãè£å®ããæ€ç©ãéžã³ãŸãã
以äžã¯ãéççç©ã«æçã§ãäžçäžã®è£åºããã¿ããã§äžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããèªçæ€ç©ã®äŸã§ãã
- åç±³ïŒ ãªãªã«ãããã©ã®ããã®ãã«ã¯ãŠã£ãŒãïŒAsclepias spp.ïŒãããªããŒã¿ãŒã®ããã®ã³ãŒã³ãã©ã¯ãŒïŒEchinacea spp.ïŒãæ§ã ãªéççç©ã®ããã®ãªãŒã¯ïŒQuercus spp.ïŒã
- ãšãŒãããïŒ é³¥ã®ããã®ãµã³ã¶ã·ïŒCrataegus monogynaïŒãããªããŒã¿ãŒã®ããã®ããã²ã·ïŒPapaver rhoeasïŒã®ãããªéèãããã¿ããã®æ§é ãäœãããã®èªçã®èã
- ã¢ãžã¢ïŒ æ©å²ãã®ããªããŒã¿ãŒã®ããã®æ¡ïŒPrunus serrulataïŒãé ãå®¶ã®ããã®ç«¹ïŒèªççš®ïŒãçŸãããšããªããŒã¿ãŒãæ¯ããããã®ãããžïŒRhododendron spp.ïŒã
- ã¢ããªã«ïŒ èãåžãé³¥ã®ããã®ã¢ããšïŒAloe spp.ïŒãæ¥é°ãšéççç©ãæ¯ããããã®ã¢ã«ã·ã¢ïŒAcacia spp.ïŒãèé£åç©ã®ããã®åºæã®èã
- åç±³ïŒ è¶ã®ããã®ããã·ã§ã³ãã©ã¯ãŒïŒPassiflora spp.ïŒãé ãå®¶ãšæ°Žã®åéã®ããã®ããã¡ãªã¢ïŒBromeliaceaeïŒãããªããŒã¿ãŒã®ããã®èªçã®ã©ã³ã
- ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ïŒ ã³ã¢ã©ãä»ã®éççç©ã®ããã®ãŠãŒã«ãªïŒEucalyptus spp.ïŒãçªçŽ åºå®ã®ããã®ã¯ãã«ïŒAcacia spp.ïŒãèãåžãé³¥ã®ããã®ã°ã¬ãŽã£ã¬ã¢ïŒGrevillea spp.ïŒã
è£åºã®ããã¿ããããã¶ã€ã³ãã
æåããè£åºããã¿ããã®åµåºã«ã¯ãææ ®æ·±ãèšç»ãšãã¶ã€ã³ãå¿ èŠã§ãã以äžã«äž»ãªèæ ®äºé ãæããŸãã
1. æ€çã®å±€ãäœã
æš¹æšãäœæšãå°è¢«æ€ç©ãã€ãæ€ç©ãªã©ãæ€çã®å±€ãäœãããšã§èªç¶ã®çæ ç³»ã®æ§é ãæš¡å£ããŸããããã«ãããããŸããŸãªçš®é¡ã®éççç©ã«å€æ§ãªããã¿ãããæäŸãããŸãã
2. æ°ŽæºãæäŸãã
æ°Žã¯ãã¹ãŠã®çç©ã«ãšã£ãŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããç¹ã«ä¹Ÿå£ã«ã¯ãããŒããã¹ãå°ããªæ± ãæµ ãæ°Žç¿ãªã©ã®æ°ŽæºãæäŸããŠãã ããã
3. é ãå®¶ãšå¶å·£å ŽæãæäŸãã
å¯éããäœæšãç³ç©ã¿ãæã®å±±ã巣箱ãªã©ãåãå ¥ããŠãéççç©ã«é ãå®¶ãšå¶å·£å ŽæãæäŸããŸããåºã®äžéšããã®ãŸãŸã«ããŠãããèªç¶ãªå¶å·£ããã¿ãããæäŸããŸãããã
4. èçã®é¢ç©ãæå°éã«ãã
åºå€§ãªèçããèªçæ€ç©ã®è±å£ãèåããŸãã¯æå°é¢šã®åºã«çœ®ãæããŸããããèçã¯éççç©ã«ãšã£ãŠããã¿ãããšããŠã®äŸ¡å€ãã»ãšãã©ãªãã倧éã®æ°Žãè¥æã蟲è¬ãå¿ èŠãšããŸãã
5. å°éãšèгå¯ãã€ã³ããäœã
éççç©ãéªéããããšãªãè£åºã®ããã¿ãããæ¢çŽ¢ãæ¥œããããšãã§ããããã«ãå°éã芳å¯ãã€ã³ãããã¶ã€ã³ããŸããããã«ãããèªç¶ãšã€ãªãããããªããåµãåºãããã®ã®çŸãããéè³ããããšãä¿ãããŸãã
èªçæ€ç©ã®åºã®æ€ãä»ããšã¡ã³ããã³ã¹
è£åºã®ããã¿ããããã¶ã€ã³ããããããããæ€ãä»ãã®æã§ããæåã®ããã®ãã³ããããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
- åå£ã®æºåïŒ å è¥ããã®ä»ã®ææ©ç©ãå ããŠåå£ã®è¥æ²åºŠãšæ°Žã¯ããæ¹åããŸããéèãäŸµå ¥æ€ç©ãåãé€ããŸãã
- é©åãªææã«æ€ããïŒ èªçæ€ç©ãæ€ããã®ã«æé©ãªææã¯ãéåžžãæ°æž©ãç©ããã§ååãªééšãããæ¥ãç§ã§ãã
- 宿çãªæ°ŽããïŒ æ°ããæ€ããæ€ç©ãå®çãããŸã§å®æçã«æ°ŽãäžããŸããäžåºŠå®çããã°ãèªçæ€ç©ã¯äžè¬çã«å€æ¥çš®ãããæ°Žãããå°ãªããŠæžã¿ãŸãã
- ãã«ãã³ã°ïŒ æ€ç©ã®åšãã«ãã«ãã³ã°æãæ·ããæ°Žåã®ä¿æãéèã®æå¶ãå壿ž©åºŠã®èª¿ç¯ã«åœ¹ç«ãŠãŸãããŠããããããã·ã¥ã¬ããããŒã¯ããããªã©ã®ææ©ãã«ãã䜿çšããŸãã
- 宿çãªé€èïŒ èªçæ€ç©ãšã®ç«¶åãé²ãããã«ã宿çã«éèãåãé€ããŸããæã§æãã®ãæã广çãªé€èæ¹æ³ã§ãã
- 殺è«å€ãšé€èå€ãé¿ããïŒ çè«ãé³¥ããã®ä»ã®éççç©ã«å®³ãåãŒãå¯èœæ§ããããããæ®ºè«å€ãé€èå€ã®äœ¿çšã¯é¿ããŠãã ããã
- å¿ èŠã«å¿ããåªå®ïŒ 圢ãšå¥åº·ãç¶æããããã«ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠèªçæ€ç©ãåªå®ããŸããåçš®ããšã®å ·äœçãªåªå®ã®æšå¥šäºé ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå°å ã®å°éå®¶ã«çžè«ããŠãã ããã
è£åºã®ããã¿ããã«éççç©ãåŒã³èŸŒã
èªçæ€ç©ã®åºãå®çããããè£åºã«éççç©ãåŒã³èŸŒãããã®å¯Ÿçãè¬ããããšãã§ããŸãã以äžã«ããã€ãã®ãã³ãã瀺ããŸãã
- 飿ãæäŸããïŒ èªçã®çš®åããããã§æºããããããŒããã£ãŒããŒãªã©ãè£å©çãªé£ææºãæäŸããŸãã
- ãã¿ãã©ã€ã¬ãŒãã³ãäœãïŒ ãªãªã«ãããã©ã®ããã®ãã«ã¯ãŠã£ãŒããã¢ã²ããã§ãŠã®ããã®ãã»ãªãªã©ãè¶ã®å¹Œè«ã®ããã®é£èãæ€ããŸãã
- ããŒããŠã¹ãäœãïŒ ããŒããŠã¹ã建ãŠãããæ¯ãæšãç«ãããŠããããšã§ãåç¬æ§ã®ããã«å¶å·£å ŽæãæäŸããŸãã
- ãããããŠã¹ãèšçœ®ããïŒ ãããããŠã¹ãèšçœ®ããŠãã³ãŠã¢ãªãåºã«åŒãå¯ããŸããã³ãŠã¢ãªã¯åªããæè«æé£è ã§ãããèã®åäœæ°ãæå¶ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
- èœã¡èãæ®ãïŒ åºã®äžéšã«èœã¡èãæ®ããæè«ãäž¡çé¡ããã®ä»ã®éççç©ã®ããã¿ãããæäŸããŸãã
課é¡ãä¹ãè¶ãã
èªçæ€ç©ã®åºã¥ããã«ã¯èª²é¡ã䌎ãããšããããŸããããããåé¡ãšãã®å¯ŸåŠæ³ãããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
1. äŸµå ¥çš®
äŸµå ¥çš®ã¯èªçæ€ç©ã«æã¡åã¡ãçæ ç³»ãä¹±ãå¯èœæ§ããããŸããäŸµå ¥æ€ç©ãèŠã€ã次第ãããã«åãé€ããŠãã ãããç¹å®ã®äŸµå ¥çš®ã®ç®¡çæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãå°å ã®å°éå®¶ã«ã¢ããã€ã¹ãæ±ããŠãã ããã
2. ã·ã«ãä»ã®éççç©ã«ããé£å®³
ã·ã«ãä»ã®éççç©ã¯ãç¹ã«è¥ãèæšãªã©ã®èªçæ€ç©ãé£ã¹ãããšããããŸããå®çãããŸã§ãã§ã³ã¹ããããã§æ€ç©ãä¿è·ããŠãã ãããã·ã«ãå«ãèªçæ€ç©çš®ãéžã¶ããšãã§ããŸãã
3. éãããã¹ããŒã¹
éãããã¹ããŒã¹ãããªããŠããèªçæ€ç©ã®ããã¿ãããäœãããšã¯å¯èœã§ããã³ã³ããã§èªçæ€ç©ãè²ãŠãããå°ããªããªããŒã¿ãŒã¬ãŒãã³ãäœã£ããããããšãæ€èšããŠãã ããã
æåããè£åºããã¿ããã®äžççå®äŸ
*ã·ã³ã¬ããŒã«*ã§ã¯ãéœåžéšã®ã¬ãŒãããŒãã¡ãå±äžããã«ã³ããŒããèªçã®ã©ã³ãã·ããé£çšæ€ç©ã§æŽ»æ°ããç·ã®ç©ºéã«å€ãã人å£å¯åºŠã®é«ãéœåžã§å°å ã®é³¥ãæè«ãåŒãå¯ããŠããŸãã
*ã±ãã¢*ã§ã¯ãåºæã®æš¹æšãäœæšã䜿ã£ãã³ãã¥ããã£ã¬ãŒãã³ãèšç«ããã飿ãè¬ãéççç©ã®ããã¿ãããæäŸãããšåæã«ãæç¶å¯èœãªèŸ²æ¥å®è·µãæšé²ããŠããŸãã
*ã«ãã*ã§ã¯ãäœå® ææè ãã¡ãèçãèªçã®éèã®èåã«å€ããããªããŒã¿ãŒã®ããã®ããã¿ãããåµåºããèåããæ°Žããã®å¿ èŠæ§ãæžãããŠããŸãã
*ãã€ã*ã§ã¯ãéœåžéšã®é€èå®¶ãã¡ãå±äžãè£åºã«å·£ç®±ãèšçœ®ããããªããŒã¿ãŒã®ä¿è·ã«è²¢ç®ããå°å ã®èèãçç£ããŠããŸãã
è£åºãè¶ããæ©æµ
è£åºããã¿ãããäœãããšã¯ãåã«ããªãã®ææå°ãçŸããããããšä»¥äžã®æå³ãæã¡ãŸããããã¯ãã倧ããªä¿è·æŽ»åã«è²¢ç®ããç°å¢ãšã³ãã¥ããã£ã«æ°å€ãã®å©çããããããŸãã
- ççŽ éé¢ïŒ èªçæ€ç©ã¯å€§æ°äžã®äºé žåççŽ ãéé¢ããæ°åå€åãç·©åããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
- æ°Žã®ä¿å šïŒ èªçæ€ç©ã¯å€æ¥çš®ãããå°ãªãæ°Žãå¿ èŠãšãããããæ°Žè³æºãç¯çŽããŸãã
- åå£ã®å¥åº·ïŒ èªçæ€ç©ã¯ææ©ç©ãå ããæµžé£ãé²ãããšã§åå£ã®å¥åº·ãæ¹åããŸãã
- ã³ãã¥ããã£ã®é¢äžïŒ è£åºããã¿ãããäœãããšã¯ãä»ã®äººã ã«ãåãããšãããããã«ä¿ããã³ãã¥ããã£å šäœã«çžäºæ¥ç¶ãããããã¿ããã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãäœãåºãããšãã§ããŸãã
çµè«
èªçæ€ç©ã¬ãŒããã³ã°ãåãå ¥ããããšã§ãããªãã®è£åºãéççç©ãæ¯ããçç©å€æ§æ§ãä¿é²ããèªç¶ãšããªããã€ãªãè±ããªçæ ç³»ã«å€ããããšãã§ããŸããåºãåå°ãæã£ãŠããŠããå°ããªãã«ã³ããŒãããªããŠããè£åºããã¿ãããäœãããšã§ç°å¢ã«ãã©ã¹ã®åœ±é¿ãäžããããšãã§ããŸããããã仿¥ããå§ããŠãäžåºŠã«äžã€ã®è£åºãããããæç¶å¯èœã§çæ åŠçã«å€æ§ãªäžçãåµãåºããŠããã¬ãŒãããŒãã¡ã®åºããã ãŒãã¡ã³ãã«åå ããŸãããã
åèè³æïŒ
- [äžçã®èªçæ€ç©ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãžã®ãªã³ã¯ãæ¿å ¥]
- [åœéçãªä¿è·å£äœãžã®ãªã³ã¯ãæ¿å ¥]
- [ã¬ãŒããã³ã°ãã©ãŒã©ã ãžã®ãªã³ã¯ãæ¿å ¥]