ãµãã€ãã«ç¶æ³ãæç¶å¯èœãªæ¡éã®ããã«é£çšæš¹ç®ãèŠåããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸããããäžçäžã®å®å šãªæš¹æšãšèª¿çæ³ãçºèŠããŠãã ããã
é£çšæš¹ç®ãèŠåããããã®ã°ããŒãã«ã¬ã€ãïŒãµãã€ãã«ãšæç¶å¯èœæ§
ãµãã€ãã«ç¶æ³ããããæ·±ãã¬ãã«ã§èªç¶ãšã€ãªãããæ±ããéã«ãæš¹æšã®ã©ã®éšåãé£ã¹ãããããçè§£ããããšã¯éåžžã«äŸ¡å€ããããŸããèãæå®ãããããããæãæµ®ãã³ãŸãããç¹å®ã®æš¹æšã®å æš¹ç®ãããªãã¡åœ¢æå±€ã¯ãçæ°Žåç©ãšæ é€çŽ ã®äŸçµŠæºãšãªãåŸãŸãããã®ã¬ã€ãã§ã¯ãå®å šæ§ãæç¶å¯èœæ§ãé©åãªèª¿çæ³ãéèŠããé£çšæš¹ç®ãèŠåããããã®äžççãªèŠç¹ãæäŸããŸãã
æš¹ç®ãšåœ¢æå±€ã®çè§£
ç¹å®ã®æš¹çš®ã«æ·±å ¥ãããåã«ãæš¹ç®ã®æ§é ãçè§£ããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã倿š¹ç®ã¯äž»ã«ä¿è·çãªåœ¹å²ãæãããæš¹æšã颚éšã害è«ãç æ°ããå®ããŸãããã®å±€ã®äžã«ã¯åž«éšããããæš¹æšå šäœã«æ é€ã茞éããŸãã圢æå±€ã¯ãæš¹æšã®çŽåŸæé·ãæ ãæŽ»çºã«åè£ãã现èã®èãå±€ã§ããé£çšã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãã®ã¯ããã®åž«éšã®ããäžã«ãã圢æå±€ã§ãã圢æå±€ã¯éåžžãæ·¡ãè²ã§ãæããããæ¹¿ã£ãŠããŸãã
æ¡éåã®éèŠäºé
èŠåããéµïŒ æš¹ç®ã®æ£äœã100%確å®ã§ãªãéããæ±ºããŠæåããªãã§ãã ããã誀èªã¯æ·±å»ãªç æ°ãæ»ã«è³ãå¯èœæ§ããããŸããè€æ°ã®ä¿¡é Œã§ããæ å ±æºãåç §ããå¯èœã§ããã°ããäœãŸãã®å°åã®çµéšè±å¯ãªæ¡éå®¶ããåŠã³ãŸãããã
æç¶å¯èœæ§ïŒ æš¹ç®ãæ¡åãããšãæš¹æšãå·ã€ãããæ¯ããããããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããè±å¯ãªçš®ããã®ã¿æ¡åããå¿ èŠãªåã ããåããŸããããæš¹æšãæ¯ãããŠããŸãç°ç¶å¥ç®ïŒæš¹ç®ãå¹¹ã®åšãå šäœã«ããã£ãŠå¥ãåãããšïŒã¯é¿ããŠãã ããã代ããã«ãæš¹æšã®ç°ãªãéšåããå°ããªéšåãæ¡åããŸããåããæãæ¢ã«æ¯ããæšãåªå ããŸãããã
調çãäžå¯æ¬ ïŒ ã»ãšãã©ã®æš¹ç®ã¯çã§ã¯çŸå³ãããããŸãããæããããã硬ãç¹ç¶ãåè§£ããæ¶åãè¯ãããããã«èª¿çãå¿ èŠã§ããè¹ã§ããçŒãããŸãã¯ç²ã«æœãã®ãäžè¬çãªèª¿çæ³ã§ãã
æœåšçãªã¢ã¬ã«ã²ã³ïŒ æœåšçãªã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããäœãã©ã®ããã«åå¿ããããèŠãããã«ãå°éããå§ããŠãã ãããæšã®å®ãè±ç²ã®ã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒã¯ãç¹å®ã®æš¹ç®ã«å¯Ÿããéæçã瀺åããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
æ±æïŒ éè·¯ãå·¥æ¥å°åž¯ããŸãã¯èŸ²è¬ãé€èå€ã䜿çšãããå¯èœæ§ã®ããå Žæã®è¿ãã®æšããã®æ¡åã¯é¿ããŠãã ããã
é£çšæš¹ç®ïŒäžççãªæŠèг
以äžã¯ãå æš¹ç®ïŒåœ¢æå±€ïŒãé£çšãšèŠãªãããŠããæš¹æšã®äŸã§ããå°åå¥ã«åé¡ããèŠåãæ¹ãšèª¿çæ³ã«é¢ããæ³šèšãå ããŠããŸããæåããåã«ã¯å¿ ãæš¹æšãæ£ç¢ºã«åå®ããŠãã ããããããã¯äŸã§ããããããã®çš®å ã®å°åã®å€çš®ã¯é£çšã®å¯åŠãç°ãªãå ŽåããããŸãã
åç±³
- ãã (Pinus spp.): å€ãã®ããçš®ã®å æš¹ç®ã¯é£çšã§ãããã«ã¯ã€ãŒã¹ã¿ã³ãã¯ã€ããã€ã³ (Pinus strobus)ããã³ãããŒãµãã€ã³ (Pinus ponderosa)ããžã£ãã¯ãã€ã³ (Pinus banksiana) ãªã©ãå«ãŸããŸããããã¯æã«ãªã£ãŠçããéèã§èŠåããŸããæããšã®éèã®æ°ã¯çš®ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãã圢æå±€ã¯éåžžãçœãŸãã¯èããã³ã¯è²ã§ããèª¿çæ³ïŒåœ¢æå±€ãåãåããå°éãçã§é£ã¹ãããè¹ã§ãŸãã也ç¥ãããŠç²ã«æœãããšãã§ããŸãã颚å³ã¯ã»ãã®ãçããæš¹èã®éŠããããŸãã
- ã«ããã (Betula spp.): ããŒããŒããŒã (Betula papyrifera) ãšã€ãšããŒããŒã (Betula alleghaniensis) ã¯äžè¬çãªé£çšã®ã«ãããçš®ã§ããã«ãããã¯ããã°ãã°çŽã®ããã«å±€ã«ãªã£ãŠå¥ãããç¹åŸŽçãªæš¹ç®ã§èŠåããŸãã圢æå±€ã¯èãããããã«èŠå³ããããŸããèª¿çæ³ïŒè¹ã§ãããšã§é¢šå³ãšæ¶åãããããåäžããŸããã«ãããã®æš¹ç®ã¯ãè¶ãäœãã®ã«ã䜿ããŸããã«ãããè±ç²ã¢ã¬ã«ã®ãŒã«ã¯æ³šæããŠãã ããã
- ããã©ãšã¢ã¹ãã³ (Populus spp.): ã¯ãšâãã³ã°ã¢ã¹ãã³ (Populus tremuloides) ãæ§ã ãªããã©çš®ã¯é£çšã®å æš¹ç®ãæã£ãŠããŸããæ»ããã§æããè²ã®æš¹ç®ãšéããèã§èŠåããŸãã圢æå±€ã¯ãã峿°ãªãã§ããèª¿çæ³ïŒè¹ã§ããçŒãã®ãæé©ã§ãã
ãšãŒããã
- ãšãŒãããã¢ã«ãã (Pinus sylvestris): ä»ã®ããçš®ãšåæ§ã«ãå æš¹ç®ã¯é£çšã§ãããšãŒãããå šåã§äžè¬çã§ããèŠåãæ¹ã¯äžè¬ã®ãããšåãã§ãæã«ãªã£ãéèãæ¢ããŸããèª¿çæ³ïŒåœ¢æå±€ãåãåããå°éãçã§é£ã¹ãããè¹ã§ãŸãã也ç¥ãããŠç²ã«æœãããšãã§ããŸãã
- ã«ããã (Betula spp.): ãªãŠã·ã¥ãŠã·ã©ã«ã³ã (Betula pendula) ã¯ãšãŒãããã§äžè¬çãªçš®ã§ããå æš¹ç®ã¯é£çšã§ããèª¿çæ³ïŒè¹ã§ãããšãæšå¥šãããŸãã
- ããã«ãã/ããŠã³ãã³ã¢ãã·ã¥ (Sorbus aucuparia): æå®ã¯ãã°ãã°ãžã£ã ã«ãããŸããïŒæ¯çŽ ãåãé€ãããã®é©åãªåŠçåŸïŒãå æš¹ç®ã¯ãµãã€ãã«é£ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠããŸãããæ³šæïŒ ã·ã¢ã³åç©ãæŸåºããå¯èœæ§ã®ããååç©ãå«ãã§ããŸããå°éã®ã¿ãååã«è¹ã§ãåŸã«æåããŠãã ãããèŠåãæ¹ïŒçŸœç¶ã®èãšèµ€ãæå®ã®æ¿ãæ¢ããŸãã
ã¢ãžã¢
- ãã§ãŠã»ã³ãŽãšãŠ (Pinus koraiensis): éåœãæ¥æ¬ããã·ã¢ãšäžåœã®äžéšã§èŠãããŸããå æš¹ç®ã¯é£çšã§ãäŒçµ±çãªé£ææºã§ãããèŠåãæ¹ïŒæããšã«5æ¬ã®éèãèª¿çæ³ïŒå°éãçã§é£ã¹ããã調çããŠé£ã¹ãããšãã§ããŸãã
- ã¯ã¯ (Morus spp.): ã¢ãžã¢ã«ã¯ããã€ãã®ã¯ã¯çš®ãçè²ããŠããŸããå æš¹ç®ã¯é£çšã§ãããããäžè¬çã«ã¯è¬çšç®çã§äœ¿çšãããŸããèª¿çæ³ïŒéåžžã也ç¥ãããŠãè¶ãã¹ãŒãã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã
- ã㬠(Ulmus spp.): ã·ããªã¢ã㬠(Ulmus pumila) ãªã©ãããã€ãã®ãã¬çš®ã¯é£çšã®å æš¹ç®ãæã£ãŠããŸããèŠåãæ¹ïŒé察称ãªèã®åºéšãšç¿Œã®ããæå®ïŒç¿ŒæïŒãæ¢ããŸããèª¿çæ³ïŒè¹ã§ãããšãæšå¥šãããŸããå æš¹ç®ã¯éåžžã«ç¹ç¶è³ªã§ãé©åã«èª¿çããªããšæ¶åãé£ããå ŽåããããŸãã
åç±³
- ã¢ããŒã«ãªã¢ (Araucaria araucana): ã¢ã³ããŒããºã«ããªãŒãšããŠãç¥ãããäž»ã«ããªãšã¢ã«ãŒã³ãã³ã§èŠãããŸããçš®åãäž»ãªé£çšéšåã§ãããå æš¹ç®ããµãã€ãã«é£ãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠããŸãããæ³šæïŒçµ¶æ» 屿§çš®ã§ãããããæšãä¿è·ããŠãã ããã
ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢
- ãŠãŒã«ãª (Eucalyptus spp.): äž»ãªé£ææºãšã¯äŒçµ±çã«èŠãªãããŠããŸããããäžéšã®ã¢ããªãžãã»ãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã¯ãç¹å®ã®ãŠãŒã«ãªçš®ã®å æš¹ç®ããµãã€ãã«é£ãšããŠäœ¿çšããŠããŸãããæ³šæïŒ å€ãã®ãŠãŒã«ãªçš®ã¯ææ¯ã§ãã现å¿ã®æ³šæãšå°éç¥èãå¿ èŠã§ããèŠåãæ¹ïŒçš®ã«ãã£ãŠå€§ããç°ãªããŸãããŠãŒã«ãªã®æšã¯éåžžã«å€æ§ã§ããå æš¹ç®ãæ¶è²»ããããšããåã«ããããã®çš®ã«çµéšã®ãã人ãšäžç·ã«ããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
詳现ãªèŠåãæ¹ã®ãã³ã
广çãªæš¹æšã®èŠåãã¯ãããã€ãã®äž»èŠãªç¹åŸŽã芳å¯ããããšã«äŸåããŸãïŒ
- èïŒ åœ¢ã倧ãããé åïŒäºçã察çã茪çïŒãçžïŒå šçžãéžæ¯ç¶ãè£çç¶ïŒãããã³èèã®ãã¿ãŒã³ãéèŠã§ãã
- æš¹ç®ïŒ è²ã質æïŒæ»ãããç²ããæºããããå¥ãããïŒãããã³æš¡æ§ãéèŠãªèå¥åã§ãã
- å°æïŒ è²ãæ¯ãæ£ã®æç¡ãããã³èœã®é 眮ã圹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
- è±ãšæå®ïŒ ãããã¯ãã°ãã°æãæ±ºå®çãªèå¥åã§ãããåžžã«ååšããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããè±ãšæå®ã®è²ã圢ã倧ãããããã³é çœ®ã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
- å šäœã®æš¹åœ¢ïŒ æš¹æšã®å šäœçãªåœ¢ïŒäŸïŒåé圢ãäžžã圢ããã ã圢ïŒã¯æããããæäŸããŸãã
é£çšæš¹ç®ã®èª¿çæ³
èª¿çæ³ã¯æš¹ç®ã®çš®é¡ãšããªãã®å¥œã¿ã«ãããŸãã以äžã¯ããã€ãã®äžè¬çãªãã¯ããã¯ã§ãïŒ
- çïŒå°éïŒïŒ äžéšã®ããã®åœ¢æå±€ã¯å°éãªãçã§é£ã¹ãããŸããææ©ããšãã«ã®ãŒæºã«ãªããŸããã倧éã«æåãããšæ¶åãé£ããå ŽåããããŸãã
- è¹ã§ãïŒ è¹ã§ãããšã§æš¹ç®ãæããããªããæ¶åãããããªããŸããåã£ã圢æå±€ãæ°Žã§30ã60åããŸãã¯æããããªããŸã§è¹ã§ãŸãããã®ãŸãŸé£ã¹ãããã¹ãŒããã·ãã¥ãŒã«å ããããšãã§ããŸãã
- çŒãïŒ çŒãããšã§äžéšã®æš¹ç®ã®é¢šå³ãåäžããŸããåã£ã圢æå±€ã倩æ¿ã«åºããäœæž©ã®ãªãŒãã³ïŒçŽ200°FãŸãã¯93°CïŒã§ä¹Ÿç¥ããŠè»œãããŒã¹ãããããŸã§çŒããŸãã
- ç²ã«æœãïŒ ä¹Ÿç¥ããæš¹ç®ã¯ãä¹³é¢ãšä¹³æ£ãŸãã¯ç©ç©ãã«ã䜿ã£ãŠç²ã«æœãããšãã§ããŸãããã®ç²ã¯ã¹ãŒããã·ãã¥ãŒã®ãšãã¿ä»ãã«äœ¿ã£ãããä»ã®ç²ãšæ··ããŠãã³ããã³ã±ãŒããäœã£ããããã®ã«äœ¿ããŸãã
- ãè¶ïŒ ã«ãããã®æš¹ç®ãªã©ãäžéšã®æš¹ç®ã¯ãè¶ãäœãã®ã«äœ¿ããŸããæš¹ç®ã®å°çãæ°Žã§15ã20åç ®åºããŠã颚å³ãšæçãªæåãæœåºããŸãã
æç¶å¯èœæ§ãšå«ççãªæ¡é
é£çšæš¹ç®ã®æ¡éã¯ãåžžã«è²¬ä»»ãæã£ãŠæç¶å¯èœãªæ¹æ³ã§è¡ãã¹ãã§ãã以äžã¯åŸãã¹ãã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ã§ãïŒ
- æ§ããã«åç©«ããïŒ å¿ èŠãªåã ããåããŸããããäžæ¬ã®æšãã倧éã®æš¹ç®ãåç©«ããã®ã¯é¿ããŠãã ããã
- ç°ç¶å¥ç®ãé¿ããïŒ æšãæ¯ãããŠããŸããããå¹¹ã®åšãå šäœã®æš¹ç®ã決ããŠå¥ããªãã§ãã ãããæšã®ç°ãªãéšåããå°ããªéšåãæ¡åããŸãã
- åæšãåªå ããïŒ å¯èœã§ããã°ãåããæšãæããæš¹ç®ãåç©«ããŠãã ããã
- ç§æå°ãå°éããïŒ ç§æå°ã§æ¡éããåã«èš±å¯ãåŸãŠãã ããã
- å°åã®èŠå¶ã«åŸãïŒ ãäœãŸãã®å°åã®æ¡éã«é¢ããèŠå¶ãèªèããŠãããŠãã ãããäžéšã®å ¬åãä¿è·å°åã§ã¯ãæ€ç©ã®ãããªãéšåã®æ¡åãçŠæ¢ãããŠããå ŽåããããŸãã
- å°éå®¶ããåŠã¶ïŒ é©åãªèŠåãæ¹ãšæç¶å¯èœãªåç©«æè¡ãåŠã¶ããã«ãçµéšè±å¯ãªæ¡éå®¶ãæ€ç©åŠè ããæå°ãæ±ããŠãã ããã
é£çšæš¹ç®ã®æ é€äŸ¡
é£çšæš¹ç®ã®æ é€äŸ¡ã¯çš®ã«ãã£ãŠç°ãªããŸãããäžè¬çã«ã¯çæ°Žåç©ãé£ç©ç¹ç¶ãããã³ããã€ãã®ããã©ã«ã®äŸçµŠæºãšãªããŸãã圢æå±€ã¯äž»ã«ç³ãšãã³ãã³ã§æ§æãããŠããããšãã«ã®ãŒãäŸçµŠããŸãããŸãããã¿ãã³Cãã«ãªãŠã ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãªã©ã®ãã¿ãã³ãããã©ã«ãå«ãŸããŠããŸããããããæš¹ç®ã¯å®å šãªé£ææºã§ã¯ãªããä»ã®æ é€çŽ ã§è£ãå¿ èŠããããŸãã
çµè«ïŒè²Žéãªãµãã€ãã«ã¹ãã«ãšèªç¶ãšã®ã€ãªãã
é£çšæš¹ç®ãèŠåãã調çããããšã¯ãå°é£ãªç¶æ³ã§æ é€ãæäŸã§ãã貎éãªãµãã€ãã«ã¹ãã«ã§ãããŸããæš¹æšãæäŸããè³æºãçè§£ããæè¬ããããšãå¯èœã«ããèªç¶çãšã®ããæ·±ãã€ãªãããæäŸããŸããå®å šæ§ãæç¶å¯èœæ§ããããŠå«ççãªæ¡éã®å®è·µãåªå ããããšãå¿ããªãã§ãã ãããé©åãªç¥èãšæ¬æããã£ãŠããã®è²Žéãªè³æºãå®å šãã€è²¬ä»»ãæã£ãŠå©çšããããšãã§ããŸãã
å 責äºé
ãã®ã¬ã€ãã¯é£çšæš¹ç®ã«é¢ããäžè¬çãªæ å ±ãæäŸãããã®ã§ãããå°éå®¶ã®ã¢ããã€ã¹ã«ä»£ãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸãããéçã®æ€ç©ãæåããåã«ã¯ãå¿ ãçµéšè±å¯ãªæ¡éå®¶ãæ€ç©åŠè ã«çžè«ããŠãã ãããããã«æäŸãããæ å ±ã¯æè²ç®çã®ã¿ã§ãããå®å šæ§ãä¿èšŒãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸãããèè ããã³çºè¡è ã¯ããã®æ å ±ã®äœ¿çšã«èµ·å ãããããªãæªåœ±é¿ã«ã€ããŠã責任ãè² ããŸããã