Art Deco Objects: A Global Guide to Collecting this Iconic Design Movement

Art Deco, a design movement that swept the world in the 1920s and 1930s, remains endlessly fascinating. Characterized by its sleek lines, geometric shapes, bold colors, and luxurious materials, Art Deco left its mark on architecture, fashion, and, most importantly for collectors, a vast array of objects. This comprehensive guide will navigate you through the exciting world of collecting Art Deco objects, covering its history, identifying characteristics, key designers, global variations, and practical tips for building a valuable collection.

What is Art Deco? A Brief History

Art Deco emerged in the aftermath of World War I, a period of optimism, economic boom, and rapid technological advancement. It represented a departure from the flowing, organic forms of Art Nouveau, embracing instead a more streamlined, modern aesthetic. The name "Art Deco" derives from the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes held in Paris, a showcase for the movement's diverse expressions.

Key influences on Art Deco include:

Cubism and Futurism: These avant-garde art movements contributed to Art Deco's geometric shapes and emphasis on dynamism.
Ancient Cultures: Egyptian motifs (following the discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922), Aztec and Mayan designs, and Far Eastern influences added exotic and decorative elements.
Industrial Revolution: The machine age inspired streamlined forms and the use of new materials like chrome, Bakelite, and stainless steel.

Art Deco represented a desire for luxury and modernity, reflecting the spirit of a rapidly changing world. Its impact was global, manifesting in diverse forms across different cultures.

Identifying Art Deco Objects: Key Characteristics

Recognizing authentic Art Deco objects requires a keen eye and an understanding of the movement's defining characteristics. Here are some key elements to look for:

Geometric Shapes: Look for stepped designs, zigzags, chevrons, sunbursts, and stylized floral patterns. Symmetry and repetition are common.
Streamlined Forms: Objects often feature smooth, aerodynamic shapes, inspired by airplanes and automobiles.
Luxurious Materials: Popular materials include chrome, Bakelite (an early plastic), glass (often etched or molded), precious metals (gold, silver), ivory, ebony, and exotic woods (e.g., Macassar ebony).
Bold Colors: Common color palettes include black and gold, silver and chrome, vibrant jewel tones (emerald green, sapphire blue, ruby red), and pastel shades.
Exotic Motifs: Egyptian, Mayan, and Asian-inspired designs, such as lotus flowers, scarabs, and stylized animals, are frequently incorporated.
Industrial Influence: Machine-age aesthetics are reflected in clean lines, polished surfaces, and functional designs.

Example: A classic Art Deco cocktail shaker might feature a chrome finish, a stepped design, and geometric embellishments. A Bakelite radio might have a streamlined form and vibrant colors.

Types of Art Deco Objects to Collect

The range of Art Deco objects available to collectors is vast and varied. Here are some popular categories:

Furniture

Art Deco furniture is characterized by its geometric shapes, luxurious materials, and elegant craftsmanship. Key pieces include:

Cabinets and Sideboards: Often made of exotic woods with inlaid details and chrome accents.
Chairs and Sofas: Featuring streamlined shapes and plush upholstery in rich colors.
Coffee Tables: Often made of glass and chrome or exotic woods.
Lighting: Chandeliers, sconces, and lamps with geometric designs and frosted glass shades.

Example: A Jacques Adnet sideboard, known for its leather upholstery and chrome details, is a highly sought-after Art Deco furniture piece.

Jewelry

Art Deco jewelry is renowned for its bold designs, geometric shapes, and use of precious stones. Common features include:

Geometric Patterns: Zigzags, chevrons, and stepped designs are prevalent.
Contrasting Colors: Combinations of black onyx, diamonds, and brightly colored gemstones are popular.
Platinum and White Gold: These metals are often used for their sleek, modern look.
Long Necklaces and Bracelets: Reflecting the flapper style of the era.

Example: A Cartier Tutti Frutti bracelet, featuring carved gemstones in vibrant colors, is a classic example of Art Deco jewelry.

Glassware

Art Deco glassware is celebrated for its elegant forms, intricate designs, and use of decorative techniques. Key features include:

Geometric Motifs: Etched, molded, or enameled designs featuring geometric shapes and stylized patterns.
Bright Colors: Opalescent glass and vibrant color combinations are common.
Figural Designs: Stylized animals, dancers, and mythological figures are often incorporated.
Cocktail Sets: Shakers, glasses, and trays designed for the popular cocktail culture of the era.

Example: Lalique glassware, known for its intricate molded designs and use of frosted glass, is highly collectible.

Ceramics

Art Deco ceramics are characterized by their bold colors, geometric shapes, and decorative motifs. Key features include:

Geometric Patterns: Painted, glazed, or molded designs featuring geometric shapes and stylized patterns.
Figural Designs: Stylized animals, dancers, and mythological figures are often incorporated.
Lustre Finishes: Metallic glazes that create a shimmering effect.
Vases, Bowls, and Figurines: Designed for both functional and decorative purposes.

Example: Clarice Cliff pottery, known for its vibrant colors and whimsical designs, is a popular choice among collectors.

Sculpture

Art Deco sculpture reflects the movement's emphasis on sleek lines, geometric forms, and exotic influences. Key features include:

Bronze and Ivory: Popular materials for creating elegant and refined sculptures.
Stylized Figures: Depictions of dancers, athletes, and animals in dynamic poses.
Geometric Bases: Often made of marble or onyx.
Chryselephantine Sculptures: Combining bronze and ivory for a luxurious effect.

Example: Demetre Chiparus sculptures, known for their depictions of dancers and exotic figures, are highly valued by collectors.

Other Collectibles

Beyond the main categories, Art Deco influence permeated a wide range of objects, offering diverse collecting opportunities:

Clocks and Watches: Featuring geometric designs, streamlined shapes, and luxurious materials.
Radios: Bakelite radios with bold colors and streamlined forms.
Lighting Fixtures: Chandeliers, sconces, and lamps with geometric designs and frosted glass shades.
Textiles: Fabrics with geometric patterns, used for upholstery, clothing, and decorative purposes.
Posters: Graphic designs promoting travel, entertainment, and consumer goods.

Key Art Deco Designers and Manufacturers

Familiarizing yourself with the key designers and manufacturers of Art Deco objects is essential for building a valuable collection. Here are some notable names:

Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (France): Renowned for his luxurious furniture and interior designs.
Jean Dunand (France): Known for his lacquerware and metalwork.
René Lalique (France): Famous for his glass designs, including vases, jewelry, and perfume bottles.
Cartier (France): A leading jewelry house known for its Art Deco designs.
Clarice Cliff (England): Celebrated for her vibrant and whimsical pottery designs.
Demetre Chiparus (Romania/France): Known for his bronze and ivory sculptures.
Walter Dorwin Teague (United States): An industrial designer who created iconic Art Deco designs for radios and cameras.
Gilbert Rohde (United States): Designed modern furniture and interiors, influencing American Art Deco style.

Researching the work of these designers and manufacturers will help you identify authentic Art Deco objects and understand their value.

Art Deco Around the World: Global Variations

While Art Deco originated in Europe, it quickly spread around the world, adapting to local cultures and influences. This global variation adds another layer of interest to collecting Art Deco objects.

France: The birthplace of Art Deco, characterized by its elegance, luxury, and craftsmanship.
United States: American Art Deco often incorporated industrial motifs and streamlined designs, reflecting the country's technological advancements. Cities like New York and Miami are known for their Art Deco architecture.
England: British Art Deco often blended geometric designs with traditional English motifs.
Latin America: Countries like Argentina and Mexico embraced Art Deco, incorporating indigenous designs and materials.
Asia: Art Deco in Asia often incorporated local motifs and materials, such as bamboo, lacquer, and silk.

Example: The Chrysler Building in New York City is a prime example of American Art Deco architecture, while the Shanghai Bund showcases a unique blend of Art Deco and Chinese influences.

Tips for Collecting Art Deco Objects

Building a valuable and satisfying Art Deco collection requires careful planning and research. Here are some practical tips:

Do Your Research: Learn about the history of Art Deco, its key characteristics, and the work of prominent designers and manufacturers.
Focus Your Collection: Consider specializing in a particular type of object (e.g., glassware, jewelry, furniture) or a specific region.
Examine Objects Carefully: Look for signs of authenticity, such as maker's marks, materials, and design details. Be aware of reproductions and forgeries.
Assess Condition: Evaluate the condition of the object and factor it into the price. Minor wear and tear are acceptable, but significant damage can detract from value.
Buy from Reputable Dealers and Auction Houses: This will help ensure the authenticity and quality of your purchases.
Attend Antique Shows and Auctions: These events offer opportunities to see a wide range of Art Deco objects and network with other collectors.
Join Art Deco Societies and Clubs: These organizations provide valuable resources and networking opportunities.
Document Your Collection: Keep records of your purchases, including descriptions, provenance, and prices.

The Investment Potential of Art Deco Objects

Art Deco objects have proven to be a sound investment over the long term. Their timeless appeal, historical significance, and rarity contribute to their value. However, like any investment, it's important to do your research and make informed decisions.

Factors that influence the value of Art Deco objects include:

Authenticity: Authentic Art Deco objects are more valuable than reproductions.
Rarity: Rare or unique pieces command higher prices.
Condition: Objects in excellent condition are more valuable.
Provenance: A well-documented history can increase value.
Designer and Manufacturer: Objects by renowned designers and manufacturers are highly sought after.
Market Demand: Trends and collector preferences can influence prices.

Disclaimer: Investment values can fluctuate. Consult with a qualified appraiser or art market expert for personalized advice.

Caring for Your Art Deco Collection

Proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving the value and beauty of your Art Deco objects. Here are some general guidelines:

Handle with Care: Avoid dropping or bumping objects.
Dust Regularly: Use a soft, dry cloth to remove dust.
Avoid Direct Sunlight and Extreme Temperatures: These can damage delicate materials.
Store Properly: Store objects in a cool, dry place, away from humidity and pests.
Clean Carefully: Use appropriate cleaning methods for different materials. Consult with a professional conservator if needed.
Protect from Damage: Use protective coverings for furniture and jewelry when not in use.

Conclusion

Collecting Art Deco objects is a rewarding journey that combines aesthetic appreciation with historical understanding. By learning about the movement's history, identifying key characteristics, researching designers and manufacturers, and following practical collecting tips, you can build a valuable and enriching collection that reflects the glamour and innovation of the Art Deco era. Whether you are drawn to the sleek lines of furniture, the dazzling sparkle of jewelry, or the elegant forms of glassware, Art Deco offers something for every collector to discover and cherish.